步进电机运动控制系统设计-.doc

步进电机运动控制系统设计　　论文关键词： 步进电机　单片机　调速系统 　　论文摘要:步进电机是将电脉冲信号转变为角位移或线位移的开环控制元件。在非超载的情况下，电机的转速、停止的位置只取决于脉冲信号的频率和脉冲数，而不受负载变化的影响，即给电机加一个脉冲信号，电机则转过一个步距角。这一线性关系的存在，加上步进电机只有周期性的误差而无累积误差等特点。使得在速度、位置等控制领域用步进电机来控制变的非常的简单。步进电机的调速一般是改变输入步进电机的脉冲的频率来实现步进电机的调速，因为步进电机每给一个脉冲就转动一个固定的角度，这样就可以通过控制步进电机的一个脉冲到下一个脉冲的时间间隔来改变脉冲的频率，延时的长短来具体控制步进角来改变电机的转速，从而实现步进电机的调速。在本设计方案中采用AT89C51型单片机内部的定时器改变CP脉冲的频率从而实现对步进电机的转速进行控制，实现电机调速与正反转的功能。 　　设计时考虑到CPU在执行指令时可能受到干扰的冲击,导致程序”跑飞”或者进入”死循环”,因此,设计了看门狗电路,使用的是MAXIM公司生产的微处理系统监控集成芯片MAXI813。 本文还详细地给出了相关的硬件框图和软件流程图，并编制了该汇编语言程序。Abstract: stepper motor is the electric pulse signal into angular displacement or linear displacement of the open-loop control components. In the case of non-overloaded, the motor speed and stop position depends only on the pulse frequency and pulse number, regardless of load changes, that is, to add a pulse motor, the motor is turned to a step angle. The existence of this linear relationship, with only periodic error stepping motor without accumulated error and so on. Makes the speed, position and other control areas to control the stepper motor becomes very simple. Stepper motor speed control stepper motor is generally to change the input pulse frequency to achieve the stepper motor speed, because the stepper motor to a pulse on each rotation a fixed angle, so that you can control the stepper motor a pulse to the next pulse interval to change the pulse frequency, the length of delay to the specific control of stepper motor rotation angle to change in order to achieve the stepper motor speed. Used in the design AT89C51 MCU internal timer to change the pulse frequency of CP in order to achieve the speed of stepper motor control, the motor speed and Reversible function. Designed taking into account the CPU instruction in the implementation of the impact may be disturbed, causing the program run off or go to the dead cycle, the design of the watchdog circuit, using a MAXIM companys integrated chip microprocessor system monitoring MAXI813.