实用定语从句课件及典型习题解析1.ppt

关系词的具体用法 * * Relative Clauses 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起“定语”的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主句全部内容；通常在被修饰的词语(即“先行词”)之后，由关系词引导。 关系词具有三种功能： (1) 引导一个定语从句 (在定语从句开头) (2) 替代“先行词”。(省去从句中对应的he / she / it / they / him / her / them /…) (3) 在定语从句中充当成分。(作主语/宾语/定语/状语) 1. 先行词指人时，用关系代词that/who (whom), 在句中作主语或宾语；如果关系代词前有介词时,则只能用whom; 2. 先行词是物时，用关系代词that / which，在从句中作主语或宾语； 3. whose 在从句中作定语，既可指人，表示“某些人的…”；也可指物，表示“某物的…”； 4.关系代词that、 who、whom、which 在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。 5. 当先行词是和时间、地点相关的词并且在从句中作状语时, 关系词选用when或是where。如: This is the factory where my father worked ten years ago. (factory表示地点, 从句中缺少地点状语, 所以用where) I’ll never forget the day when I graduated from college. (day表示时间, 从句中缺少时间状语, 所以用when) 注意: 定语从句一般放在先行词的后面,但翻译成汉语时则相反。 2. 因为关系代词和关系副词在从句中要代替先行词充当成分,所以从句中不可再出现该先行词。如: We’d better plant trees every year which trees are good for the environment. (此句是一个错误表达, 从句里多了trees这个单词) 3. 定语从句中谓语动词的单复数要和先行词保持一致。 Exercises: 1. Correct the mistakes. 1). The students don’t study hard won’t pass the exam. The students who don’t study hard won’t pass the exam. that,which,who,whom作宾语时，在口语和非正式文体中常可省略。作主语时不能省略。 2). The dictionary which I bought it the other day cost me thirty yuan. The dictionary which I bought the other day cost me thirty yuan. which已作bought的宾语，去掉it. × × 3). This is the right factory where I’m going to work there. This is the right factory where I’m going to work. where已作地点状语,去掉there. 4). The books that is lying on the desk are mine. The books that are lying on the desk are mine. 关系代词作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。 × × 2. Fill in the blanks. 1). This is the place ______________ we visited two days ago. 2). This is the house _____ Shakespeare was born ? 3). Do you remember the business hours ____________ I told you yesterday ? 4). I’ll never forget the day ________ I joined the League. (that / which) where (that / which) when 选用which,that,when,where取决于关系词在定语从句中的作用，如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用关系词which或that；作时间状语用when;地点状语用where. 3. Rewrite the f