基于单片机的超声波测距系统实现.doc

摘 要 超声波测距法迅速，方便，计算简单，易于做到实时控制，提过基于单片机的超声测距系统的设计能更加深入地了解单片机的实际应用。基于传统的方法在很多特殊场合：如带腐蚀的液体，强电磁干扰，有毒等恶劣条件下，测量距离存在不可克服的缺陷，超声波测距能很好的解决此类的问题。本论文主要对单片机超声波测距系统的原理，单片机的应用等进行了分析；程序由计算机仿真并烧入单片机实际调试，最终实物是一个能在5至200cm范围内准确测量距离的便携式系统，经实际测量误差控制在5%以内。对超声波的发生电路和接收电路，DS18B20温度采集电路，LCD显示电路，硬件制作和软件设计；对系统进行误差分析。该系统的设计过程加深了对单片机的理解。本设计的产品也能在实际生活中有很广泛的应用。 关键词：超声波测距；单片机；DS18B20温度补偿；LCD显示 Abstract Ultrasonic ranging is so quick and useful, it can be easy to translationed and be controled on time.We can learn much about singlechip during the design of Ultrasonic ranging base on singlechip. In many special occasions, traditional methods based on the existence of insurmountable distance measuring defects, such as the measurement of corrosion in the liquid with strong electromagnetic interference, toxic and other adverse conditions, the ultrasonic range can be a very good solution to the problem of such . with the helping of smallest system and computer,the product which can detective the distance from 5cm to 200cm comes out.The error is only 0.5%. The system can help you take a good learning about singlechip.In this paper, focused on single-chip microcomputer-based ultrasonic ranging system, namely the principle of ultrasonic distance measurement, the occurrence of ultrasonic circuit, echo receiver, data acquisition, LCD data show the principle of single-chip applications, system hardware, DS18B20 the temperature compensation ，software design and production were discussed. Keywords: Ultrasonic ranging; Single-chip; DS18B20 the temperature compensation; Lcd display 目 录 1. 绪 论 1 1.1 课题的背景和意义 1 1.2 课题的意义 1 1.3 单片机应用系统概述 1 1.4 超声波测距系统概述 2 1.5 本设计任务的主要内容 3 2. 超声波测距的原理 4 2.1 超声波的基本理论 4 2.1.1 超声波的传播速度 4 2.1.2 超声波的物理性质 4 2.1.3 超声波对声场产生的作用 5 2.1.4 超声波传感器 5 2.2 超声波测距系统原理 6 2.2.1 超声测距方法 6 2.2.2 超声波测距的算法设计 6 2.3 单片机程序编译环境 7 2.3.1 KEIL C51 7 2.3.2 uVision2集成开发环境 7 2.3.3 C51编译器 7 2.3.4 RTX51实时核模块 8 2.3.5 测试程序 9 2.3.6 C51 V7版增强功能介绍 9 2.4 电路仿真设计软件Proteus 10 2.4.1 功能特点 10 2.4.2 Proteus的四大功能模块 10 2.4.3 Proteus提供