机械类车床外文翻译.doc

毕业设计（论文）——外文翻译（原文） Lathe 来源：/wiki/Lathe A lathe is a machine tool which spins a block of material to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, or deformation with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object which has symmetry about an axis of rotation. Lathes are used in woodturning, metalworking, and glassworking. Lathes can be used to shape pottery, the best-known design being the potters wheel. Most suitably equipped metalworking lathes can also be used to produce most solids of revolution, plane surfaces and screw threads or helices. Ornamental lathes can produce three-dimensional solids of incredible complexity. The material is held in place by either one or two centers, at least one of which can be moved horizontally to accommodate varying material lengths. Examples of objects that can be produced on a lathe include cue sticks, table legs, bowls, baseball bats, crankshafts and camshafts. History The lathe is an ancient tool, dating at least to the Egyptians ，and known and used in Greece, the Roman and Byzantine Empires. The origin of turning dates to around 1300BC when the Egyptians first developed a two-person lathe. One person would turn the wood workpiece with a rope while the other used a sharp tool to cut shapes in the wood. The Romans improved the Egyptian design with the addition of a turning bow. Early bow lathes were also developed and used in Germany, France and Britain. In the Middle Ages a pedal replaced hand-operated turning, freeing both the craftsmans hands to hold the woodturning tools. The pedal was usually connected to a pole, often a straight-grained sapling. The system today is called the spring pole lathe. Spring pole lathes were in common use into the early 20th Century. A two-person lathe, called a great lathe, allowed a piece to turn continuously (like todays power lathes). A master would cut the wood while an apprentice turned the crank。 During the industrial revolu