Boundary Layer Analyses.ppt

Boundary Layer Analyses AE 3903/4903 Airfoil Design L. Sankar School of Aerospace Engineering Outline Thwaites Method for Computing Laminar Boundary Layers Michel’s Transition Criterion Head’s method for Turbulent Flow Squire-Young Formula for Drag Prediction See /~lsankar/AE2020 for background material. Thwaites’ method I Thwaites’ Method II Thwaites’ method III Thwaites’ method IV MATLAB Code from PABLO Reationship between l and H Skin Friction Transition prediction A number of methods are available for predicting transition. Examples: Eppler’s method Michel’s method Wind turbine designers and laminar airfoil designers tend to use Eppler’s method Aircraft designers tend to use Michel’s method. Michel’s Method for Transition Prediction Turbulent Flow A number of CFD methods, and integral boundary layer methods exist. The most popular of these is Head’s method. This method is used in a number of computer codes, including PABLO. Head’s Method Empirical Closure Relations Coding Closure Relations inHead’s Method Drag PredictionSquire-Young Formula * This is an empirical method based on the observation that most laminar boundary layers obey the following relationship. Ref: Thawites, B., Incompressible Aerodynamics, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1960: Thwaites recommends A = 0.45 and B = 6 as the best empirical fit. The above equation may be analytically integrated yielding For blunt bodies such as airfoils, the edge velocity ue is zero at x=0, the stagnation point. For sharp nosed geometries such as a flat plate, the momentum thickness q is zero at the leading edge. Thus, the term in the square bracket always vanishes. The integral may be evaluated, at least numerically, when ue is known. After q is found, the following relations are used to compute the shape factor H. After q is found, we can also find skin friction coefficient from the following empirical curve fits: %--------Laminar boundary layer lsep = 0; trans=0; endofsurf=0; theta(1) = sqrt(0.075/(