厦门大学中国古代史课件第九讲 中国古代社会流动性的争论.ppt

第九讲 中国古代社会流动性的争论;第九讲 科举制、士大夫与宋代社会;第九讲 科举制、士大夫与宋代社会;第九讲 科举制、士大夫与宋代社会;第九讲 科举制、士大夫与宋代社会;第九讲 科举制、士大夫与宋代社会;第九讲 科举制、士大夫与宋代社会;第九讲 科举制、士大夫与宋代社会;第九讲 科举制、士大夫与宋代社会;四、牟复礼的看法与何炳棣的回应（1999年以来） F. W. Mote (牟复礼), Imperial China, 900-1800 (1999): 1、Kracke的方法有问题；而韩明士等人的批评过了头； 2、“…the examination system was the defining institution of the society”; 3、“The examination system as it functioned during the Song dynasty nourished the ideal that success was open to all worthy men. That idea pervaded the society and it contributed in large measure to what is now called ‘new culture’ of the Song and succeeding ages.” 4、“…