马原九子的TOEFL语法or通用语法讲义-20150409.docxVIP

TOEFL语法/通用语法马原九子375769685mayuanjiuzi@（一）句子成分主干成分：必不可少的成分1）主语S：谓语动作的发出者（如谓语是被动语态则是对象/承受者）名词性（名词、代词、动名词、不定式、the+形容词、主语从句）2）谓语V：句子的最主要/最重要动作动词的谓语形式存在时态、语态、数三方面的典型变化☆谓语一定是动词，动词不一定做谓语3）宾语o：名词性（名词、代词、动名词、不定式、the+形容词、宾语从句）及物动词（V或非V）的对象/承受者I love you.He enjoys reading books.介词的对象/承受者in the classroomwith pleasure☆vt + n和prep + n具有不可分割性*动词的及物与不及物特性：The audience is listening.The student listened to his teacher.look at melook after the childlook for her cell phoneHe is running on the playground.4）表语：系动词的对象名词性/形容词性，可以认为是特殊的宾语*系动词：①be②感官动词：look, smell, sound, taste, feel③其他，如：become, seem, remain等修饰性成分：用于修饰