Problems about Optical Fiber communications.doc

Problems about Optical Fiber Communications Chapter 1 What’s the major elements of an optical fiber transmission link? What are the advantages of optical communications? Chapter 2 What is the structure of an optical fiber? Step-index fiber, graded-index fiber, multimode fiber, single mode fiber. What is light? What characteristics does light have? What is polarization? How many polarizations are there? The index of refraction, the index difference, Snell’s law, the law of reflection, total internal reflection. Numerical aperture NA V number, number of modes Of what materials are fibers made? How many techniques are used in the fabrication of fibers? Why is it necessary to meet the total internal reflection requirement inside an optical fiber? What is meant by the term critical propagation angle? What fiber parameters does this angle depend on? What is an acceptance angle? Why do we need to know what this angle is? The core refractive index is 1.4513 and the cladding is 1.4468. What is 1 the critical propagation angle? 2 the acceptance angle ? 3 the numerical aperture? 14. What is the number of modes for a graded-index fiber if d 50um, NA 0.200, and λ 1300nm? Chapter 3 What is attenuation in an optical fiber? List three major causes of attenuation in an optical fiber and explain their mechanisms. Absorption, scattering losses, bending losses. Why and to what degree do optical signals get distorted as they propagate along a fiber? Intramodal dispersion, intermodal dispersion Material dispersion, waveguide dispersion, polarization-mode dispersion Cutoff wavelength a What is the cutoff wavelength for a single mode fiber with 2a 8.3um and NA 0.125? b If the operating wavelength is 1310nm, does this fiber carry only one mode? 9. What is chromatic dispersion? Are there any means to decrease or eliminate chromatic dispersion in an optical fiber? If so, discuss them. 10. What are bandwidth and bite rate in a communications system? 11. Find the maximum transmiss