数字图像处理课件（冈萨雷斯）N07.ppt

Digital Image Processing Prof. Dr.Chen Hui School of ISE, Shandong University email: huichen@sdu.edu.cn Image Enhancement in the Spatial Domain Background of Spatial Domain Methods Background of Spatial Domain Methods(cont.) Enhancement By Point Processing Compression of dynamic range (Gray level transform) Image negatives Log Transform Power transform An Example of Power transform An Example of Power transform Another Example of Power transform Contrast stretching(linear transform) Increase the dynamic range of the gray levels in the image being processing.(low-contrast caused by illumination,sensor, lens) Gray-level slicing Two basic approaches are as follow, highlight a portion. Bit-plane slicing Instead of highlighting intensity ranges, highlighting the contribution made to total image appearance by specific bits might be desired. Suppose that each pixel is represented by 8-bits. We will note that only the five highest bits contain visually significant data, the others contribute to more subtle details. Example of Bit-plane slicing Example of Bit-plane slicing(cont.) Histogram processing Histogram processing(cont) Histogram processing(cont) Assume we have a transformation s=T(r), which satisfies the conditions: a.) T(r) is single valued and monotonically increasing in [0,1] (!!) b.) Then, there is the reverse transform: Histogram equalization Example of Histogram equalization assume density function Discrete Histogram Equalization The technique used for obtaining a uniform histogram is known as histogram equalization or linearization, the discrete form is given by Discrete Histogram Distribution of gray-levels can be judged by measuring a histogram: For B-bit image, initialize 2B counters with 0 Loop over all pixels x,y When encountering gray level f(x,y)=i, increment counter #ι Histogram can be interpreted as an estimate of the probability density function (pdf) of an underly