商务英语综合教程（下册） 全套课件.ppt

1. gold reserve Notes 黄金储备，指国家为维持其本国货币而储存的黄金，用以保证发行的货币价值。 2. Governments introduced a par value of their respective local currencies in gold. Notes 各国政府就以黄金来表示各自货币的平价。 3. gold standard Notes 金本位制，a monetary system used in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries whereby the value of currencies could, on request of the owner(holder), be converted into gold at a country’s central bank. 4. The value of currencies was meant to be regulated by supply and demand (the market mechanism) , but speculators often interfered with this mechanism. Notes 在这句话中，be meant to do(sth) 意为 be supposed to do(sth)类似句子如： You are meant to take your shoes off when you enter a Hindu temple. 5. The Bretton Woods Agreement stipulated that all member countries would express the value of their currencies in gold. Notes 布雷顿森林会议的协定规定：所有成员国都要用黄金来表示 本国货币的价值。 Notes Bretton Woods Agreement 布雷顿森林协定（系《联合国货币金融会议的最后决议书》、《国际货币基金协定》和《国际复兴开发银行协定》的总称）。指第二次世界大战后，根据布雷顿森林协定而建立的国际货币制度。在此制度下，所有国际货币基金组织(IMF)的会员必须遵守相同的外汇市场政策，并且须得到基金组织的同意，才可以调整该国汇率的平价，此为可调整的钉住汇率制度(adjustable rate system), 而实际上就是在不恢复金本位的条件下，各国货币钉住美元固定汇率制度。 6. fixed exchange rate Notes 固定汇率制，a system whereby central banks are required by international agreements to maintain their currency at a relatively fixed value. This is achieved by buying the currency when it reaches its low point and by selling when it reaches its high point. 7. floating exchange rate system Notes 浮动汇率制，a system in which currencies have no specific par value; value is normally determined by supply and demand. 8. snake Notes 蛇形浮动，又称snake in the tunnel(洞中之蛇)，指西欧共同市场成员国间外汇汇率波动的较小幅度（2.25%）和《史密森协定》规定的汇率波动的较大幅度（4.5%）两者间关系的形象化名称。 9. The foreign exchange market is the mechanism through which foreign cur