III生殖细胞发生和受精(I).pptVIP

Developmental Biology;The germ cell development and fertilization ;The germ cell development and fertilization ;The germ cell development and fertilization ;;The germ cell fate of C. elegans is determined at the 16-cell embryo;The adult gonads and early development of the fertilized egg in C elegans;The cell lineage chart in the development of C elegans;;Origin of the PGCs in Drosophila;;;The gene oskar is sufficient to specify the germ cells in Drosophila;Functionally conserved genes in Germ-Cell Development ;;The mammalian PGCs appear to be induced in the early gastrulating embryos;;Germ cell specification in the mouse involves cell-cell interactions;BMP4 is required for the generation of primordial germ cells in the mouse embryos;The germ cell development and fertilization ; In many animals, germ cells develop at some distance from the gonads, and only later migrate to them, where they differentiate into eggs and sperm. In the mouse gastrula, germ cells first become detectable at the posterior region of the epiblast（上胚层）. They become incorporated into the hindgut and then move from gut tube into the genital ridge. The mechanisms by which the PGCs know the route of migrating journey is still unknown. Fibronectin is likely to be an important substrate for PGC migration. In vitro evidence suggests that TGF-beta like protein is capable of attracting mouse PGCs. 2 genes, White spotting (W) and Steel, are involved in controlling proliferation of migrating germ cells. ; In Drosophila, the PGCs move from the posterior pole to the gonads in a manner similar to that of mammalian germ cells. The wunen gene appears to be responsible for directing the migration of the PGCs from the endoderm to the mesoderm; 2 genes, columbus and hedgehog, appear to be critical for the attracting the Drosophila PGCs to the gonads.;Pathway for the migration of mammalian PGCs;Gonads in mouse embryos at day 13.5 stained with antibodies to E-cadherin (red) and laminin (green) ;columbus ge