数学-线代AA第三章5.pdfVIP

Chapter 3 Linear System Vector spaces De?nition and Chapter 3 Linear System Examples Change of Basis Assignment Li Liu Chapter 3 Linear System The operations of addition and scalar mul- tiplication are used in many diverse con- Vector spaces texts in mathematics. Regardless of the De?nition and context, however, these operations usually Examples obey the same set of algebra rules. Thus a Change of Basis general theory of mathematical systems in- Assignment volving addition and scalar multiplication will be applicable to many areas in mathe- matics. Mathematical systems of this form are called vector spaces or linear spaces. Chapter 3 Linear System Euclidean Vector Spaces Rn Vector spaces In general, scalar multiplication and addi- De?nition n and tion in R are de?ned by Examples Change of ? ? ? ? Basis αx1 x1 + y1 Assignment αx2 x2 + y2 αx = ? . ? , x + y = ? . ? αxn xn + yn for any x, y ∈ Rn and any scalar α. Chapter 3 Linear System Vector spaces De?nition and m×n Examples The Vector Space R Change of m×n Basis R denote the set of all m × n matrices Assignment with real entries. Vector Space Axioms (P113) Chapter 3 Linear System De?nition Let V be a set on which the operations of addition and scalar multipli- Vector spaces cation are de?ned. By this we mean that, De?nition and with each pair of elements x and y in V , Examples we can associate a unique elements x + y Change of Basis that is also in V , and with each eleme