基于太阳能供电半导体制冷地新型空调系统研究.doc

摘 要 由于当今能源短缺，太阳能的无限可利用价值使其成为全世界瞩目的焦点，但一直以来太阳能充电技术都没有突破性进展，光伏器件转换效率低，蓄电池价格昂贵，因此研究光伏充电技术是非常有意义的。本论文对太阳能充电技术进行了较为深入的研究，以充分保护蓄电池和最大限度地增大太阳能电池的转换效率为基本设计目标，采用PIC16F877进行智能控制，对太阳能最大功率跟踪技术和蓄电池的充电技术进行了系统的理论、仿真和试验研究，并对最大功率跟踪系统进行模糊控制，制作了基于模糊控制的太阳能最大功率跟踪充电控制器。主要内容如下： 1、对太阳电池的数学模型和输出特性进行研究，分析外界环境温度和光照强度对输出特性的影响，在对光伏电池阵列数学模型进行充分分析抽象之后，建立光伏电池仿真模型。 2、针对太阳能电池特性，在深入分析最大功率跟踪原理的基础上，通过分析最大功率跟踪的各种控制方案，提出了一种基于模糊控制的最大功率跟踪控制，以充分提高太阳能电池板的利用率，并对扰动观察法和模糊控制法分别进行了仿真建模，比较这两种控制方法的优劣，并用实验验证了模糊控制最大功率跟踪的充电可行性。 3、对蓄电池的特性、工作原理及充电方法进行深入研究之后，结合系统整体的需要选用多阶段恒流技术充电，对蓄电池的充电过程进行保护，设计了安全控制电路，使充电控制器系统运行在稳定的状态，诸如防反接、过流、过压、EMI防护等。并对系统主电路所选用的参数进行分析与计算，选用Buck电路，对12V的蓄电池进行充电。 关键词：太阳能；充电；最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）；模糊控制ABSTRACT The unlimited use value has become the focus of world attention as the shortage of solar energy.There is no breakthrough progress in solar charge technology.Not only is photovoltaic devices conversion efficiency low,but also is the battery more expensive.It is very significant to research photovoltaic battery charge technology.This paper did a deep reseach for solar charge technology.By enhancing photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells and protecting the lead-acid accumulator as the basic design objects,and using PIC16F877 to intelligent control.The solar energy maximum power point tracking(MPPT) technology and storage battery charging technology were researched and simulated in this paper. The solar energy MPPT charging controller is made based on the fuzzy control.The main content are as follows. 1.The solar battery mathematical model and output characteristics were researched, and the outside temperature and the influence to output characteristic for illumination intensity were analysied in this paper.The photovoltaic battery simulation model was established after analysing the photovoltaic battery array mathematical model. 2.This paper put forward a kind of MPPT basing on the fuzzy control by analysing many MPPT controlling strategy in order to enhance photoelectric conversion efficiency of