血流动力学监测波形中心静脉压协和杜斌解析.pptVIP

* In these waveforms, note the waveforms circled at end-expiration. During spontaneous breathing (top waveform), end-expiration is the waveform just before the pressure declines. During mechanical ventilation (lower waveform), end-expiration is the waveform just before the pressure rises. * As illustrated in this pressure tracing, measurement of a pressure waveform at end-expiration during spontaneous breathing is done by locating and measuring the waveform just prior to the decline in pressure that marks the beginning of inhalation. * Correct measurement of this CVP/RA waveform during spontan