瓦尔登湖 讲课.ppt

Henry David Thoreau(1817-1862) Major Literary Works Transcendentalism A philosophical movement that developed in the 1830s and 1840s in the New England region of the United States as a protest to the general state of culture and society What is transcendentalism? Transcendentalism is the summit of the Romantic Movement in the history of American literature in the 19th century. Transcendentalism has been defined philosophically as “the recognition（认知） in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively（直觉地）”. Transcendentalists place emphasis on the importance of the Over-soul, the individual and Nature. Major Features Major Features Nature is the symbol of Spirit/the garment of the Over-soul View of Walden Pond Walden Pictures Walden Published in 1854 Recounting the two years and two months Thoreau spent at Walden Pond from 1845 to 1847 Compressing 26 months into a single year, with the passage of four seasons to symbolize human development collection of 18 essays Background of WaldenⅡ On July 4, 1845, as a statement of personal independence, Henry Thoreau moved into a cabin at Walden Pond. Nine years later, Thoreau published Walden about his life at the pond, a document that is just as revolutionary as Karl Marxs Communist Manifesto, but which finds the solution to the working mans problems through individual and peaceful methods. 1845年7月4日美国独立日这天，28岁的梭罗独立一人来到距康科德两英里的瓦尔登，建了一个小木屋住了下来。在这木屋里，这湖畔的山林里，观察着，倾听着，感受着，深思着，并且梦想着，他独立地生活了两年多一点时间。在此之后根据自己在瓦尔登湖的生活观察与思考，整理并发表了两本著作，即《康考德和梅里马克河上的一周》和《瓦尔登湖》。 Theme a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings part of personal declaration of independence, social experiment, voyage of spiritual discovery, satire, and manual for self reliance emphasizes the importance of solitude, contemplation, and closeness to nature in transcending the desperate existence mainly expresses a critique of consumerism and capitalism. It praises the importance of self-reliance. He does not perceive nature as