密云水库水源保护林水文功能和其作用机理的研究.doc

密云水库水源保护林水文功能及其作用机理的研究 (作者：张志强 导师：王礼先) 摘要 本文以密云水库现有面积较大的刺槐、油松和蒙古栎林为对象，从地表径 流、土壤水分、林冠截留、水量平衡等方面对水源保护林的水文功能及其作用机理进行了较为系统的试验研究和理论分析。对比试验研究结果表明：天然坡面尺度上刺槐林对地表径流系数的削减率在6.79%-89.75%之间，对洪峰流量的削减率在8.11-94.84%之间；小流域尺度上刺槐林对地表径流系数的削减率在10.63%-83.04%之间，对洪峰流量的消减率在29.91%-75.29%之间。首次建立了渗透坡面林地地表径流运动动力学模式，使用数值模拟和参数寻优方法研究了不同林分地表径流的有效糙率。结果表明：刺槐林地地表径流有效糙率在0.1931-0.2131之间，蒙古栎林地为0.1701，油松林地为0.1423；林地坡面流运动波模型流量与水深关系指数m值在2.76-3.090之间，接近层流时的m=3。经检验模型及其参数可靠。建立了天然降雨条件下坡面林地二维土壤水分运动动力学模式，采用根据实测资料拟合的油松水量平衡场土壤水分运动参数和实测土壤含水率对该模式进行了检验,结果表明模型精度较高。33a生油松人工林生态系统1998年水量平衡研究结果表明,系统输入项降雨量为747.00mm,输出项分别为蒸发散496.62mm,占66.48%;林冠截留110.71mm,占14.82%;深层渗漏63.89mm,占8.6%;地表径流12.80mm,占1.71%;土壤储水量增量53.95mm,占的7.22%。 关键词: 水源保护林 地表径流 土壤水分运动 动力学模式 数值模拟 Impacting mechanisms and results of water conservation forest on the hydrological processes in Miyun Reservoir watershed, Beijing (Zhang Zhiqiang Directed by prof.Wang Lixian) Abstract: Impacts of three major water conservation forest plantations on the surface runoff generation and yield, soil moisture dynamics, rainfall interception, and water balance were studied via in situ experiments and theoretical analysis. Field investigations include one water balance plot for 33a Chinese pine(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) plantation, two comparative natural slope runoff plots for Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.) plantation and clear-cutting, two comparative small watersheds for Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and no-tree , rainfall simulation experiments for 5 plots among which 3 for Black locust plantation, 1 for Chinese pine plantation , and 1 for Mongolian oak(Quercus mongolica Fisch. et Turcz.). An overland dynamic simulation model for forested infiltrating slope was developed and used to calculate the effective surface roughness for different forest plantation stands through the single step Lax-Wendroff difference scheme and parameter optimization methods. To verify the model and fitted parameters, other runs of the rainfall simulation experiments we