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International Journal of Fracture 86: 161–189, 1997.
c
1997 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.
Body force method
D.H. CHEN1 and H. NISITANI2
1Faculty of Engineering, Science University of Tokyo, 1–3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162, Japan
2Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Sangyo University, 3–1–2 Matsukadai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813, Japan
Received 26 November 1966; accepted in revised form 10 February 1997
Abstract. The body force method is based on the principle of superposition. The solution in the body force method
is obtained by the superposition of fundamental solutions so as to satisfy a given boundary condition. By means of
these fundamental solutions all problems can be solved in principle. In this paper, first the fundamental principle
of the body force method is illustrated and then its applications to crack problems, elastic–plastic problems and
elastodynamic problems are shown.
Key words: Elasticity, plasticity, elastodynamics, boundary element method, body force method.
1. Introduction
The body force method was originally proposed by Nisitani in 1967 as a versatile method
of numerical stress analysis. In the early stage of the progress of the method, it was mainly
applied to elastostatic problems for calculating the stress concentration factors of notches
and the stress intensity factors of cracks (Nisitani, 1968; 1969; Nisitani and Isida, 1973;
Nisitani and Murakami, 1974; Nisitani, 1978). Recently, the method was extended so as to be
applicable to the elastic–plastic problems (Chen and Nisitani, 1985; Nisitani and Chen, 1985),
the elastodynamic problems (Chen et al., 1990; Chen and Nisitani, 1992; Chen and Inoue,
1993), the thermoelastic problems (Nisitani et al., 1992) and the inverse problems of cracks
(Chen and Nisitani, 1991; 1993). Also the method was used to study the theoretical problems
of stress analysis such as the linear notch mechanics (Nisitani, 1978; 1993) and the
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