高中英语过去完成时总结及练习.doc

PAGE 5 过去完成时 一、概念 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 ||| 那时以前　 那时　 现在　　　　　　 二、结构 过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 用于各种人称。否定句had+not, 疑问句直接将had提到句首。 　　1) They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 2) He didn’t go to bed until he had finished he work. 三、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 (1) by/before + 过去的时间点。 I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. He had finished the work before ten o’clock this morning. (2) by the end of + 过去的时间点。 We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。 主语+过去完成时+when/before/ by the time/after引导的从句（从句谓语动词用过去式） 　 Before she came to China, Amy had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　 Tom had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was seven. 　　When I got to the station, the train had already left. 　　After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 【注意】before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。 　　Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 　　I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other before we met. 四、过去完成时的主要用法　 1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。 1) When I woke up, it had stopped raining. He had left when I arrived. 2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。 1) She told me that she had written a new novel. 2) I found the watch which I had lost. 3. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间， 而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。 By the end of last year, my father had worked in the factory for twenty years.