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AnIntroductionto
DeepLearning
Marc’AurelioRanzatoFacebookAIResearchranzato@
DeepLearnSummerSchool-Bilbao, July2017
bigpicturefirst…
2
PAGE
PAGE3
Goal
A.I.: buildasystemthatisusefultopeopleandthatextendshumansabilities.
Moreinterestedincomplementinghumanskillsthannecessarilyreplicatingthem.
Extending
ExtendingHumanAbilities:
Examples
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XIIIcentury:extendinghumanvision
witheyeglasses
Extending
ExtendingHumanAbilities:
Examples
XVII-XVIIIcenturies:“extending”humanlegs
withsteamengineforfastertransportation
Extending
ExtendingHumanAbilities:
Examples
XXIcentury:extendingthehumanbrain
bymakinginformationmoreeasilyaccessible
What’snext?
BuildA.I.thatactuallyworks…
DARPAChallengevideos
8
TechnicalChallenges
Contentunderstanding
Vision
Audio
Text
Learnasmuchaspossiblefromdatawithaslittleaspossiblehumanengineering
Sampleandcomputationalefficiency
Learnwithaslittlesupervisionaspossible
Knowledgetransfer
Memory
Acquisitionofcommonsense
End-to-endlogicalreasoning,planning
Robustnesstouncertainty 9
What
WhatisDeepLearningand
HowCanItHelp?
10Goodfellow
10
Goodfellowetal.“DeepLearning”MITPress2016
What
WhatisDeepLearningand
HowCanItHelp?
PAGE
PAGE11
DeepLearning(DL)isaclassofMachineLearning
methodsthataimsatlearningfeaturehierarchies.
Philosophicaljustification(tobefurtherclarifiedlater):
Hierarchicalmodelsarepotentiallymoreefficientastheyallowbetterfeaturesharing(compositionality).
Intermediaterepresentationsaregoodcandidatefortransferringknowledgetoothertasks.
Thesemodelsareinherentlyverymodular.
DLisnotthesolutionbutausefulsetoftoolsforourquesttowardsA.I.
Hierarchical
HierarchicalStructure:Vision
PAGE
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Imagescanbenaturallydecomposedin:
pixel-edge-texton-super-pixel-part-object
Hierarchical
HierarchicalStructure:Vision
Thereisevidenceof
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