23 第23 课 单光束和双光束分光光度计.pptx

GangDongPolytechnicTeacher：XuFengLiuSingle-andDouble-BeamSpectrometers

Single-andDouble-BeamSpectrometersThemeasurementofabsorptionofultraviolet-visibleradiationisofarelativenature.Onemustcontinuallycomparetheabsorptionofthesamplewiththatofananalyticalreferenceorblanktoensurethereliabilityofthemeasurement.Therateatwhichthesampleandreferencearecompareddependsonthedesignoftheinstrument.

单光束和双光束分光光度计对紫外-可见辐射吸收的测量的是相对值。测量者必须不断地将待测样品的吸收与分析参考物或空白物的吸收进行比较，以确保测量的可靠性。样品和参比的比率取决于仪器的构造。

Single-andDouble-BeamSpectrometersInsingle-beaminstrument,thereisonlyonelightbeamoropticalpathfromthesourcethroughtothedetector.Thisusuallymeansthatonemustremovethesamplefromthelightbeamandreplaceitwiththereferenceaftereachreading.Thus,thereisusuallyanintervalofseveralsecondsbetweenmeasurements.

在单光束仪器中，从光源到探测器只有一条光束或光路。这通常意味着必须在每次读数后，将样品从光路中移出，并将其替换为参比物。因此，测量之间通常会存在几秒的间隔。单光束和双光束分光光度计

Single-andDouble-BeamSpectrometersAlternatively,thesampleandreferencemaybecomparedmanytimesasecond,asindoublebeaminstruments.Thelightfromthesource,afterpassingthroughthemonochromator,issplitintotwoseparatebeamsoneforthesampleandtheotherforthereference.

然而在双光束仪器中，样品和参比可以在一秒钟内进行多次比较。光源产生的光通过单色器后，被分成两束单独的光束，一束用于样品，另一束用于参比。单光束和双光束分光光度计

Single-andDouble-BeamSpectrometersFigure11-4showstwotypesofdouble-beamspectrophotometers.Themeasurementofsampleandreferenceabsorptionmaybeseparatedinspace,asinFigure11-4A；this,however,requirestwodetectorsthatmustbeperfectlymatched.

图11-4为两种双光束分光光度计。样品和参比吸收的测量可以在空间中分离，如图11-4A所示，但是，这需要两个探测器并且需要完美匹配。单光束和双光束分光光度计

Single-andDouble-BeamSpectrometersOr,thesampleandreferencemeasurementmaybeseparatedintime,asinFigure11-4B；thistechniquemakesuseofarapidlyrotatingmirrororchoppertoswitchthebeamthatcomesfromsampleandreferenceveryrapidly.Thelattermethodrequireso