第2章土壤矿物质.ppt

下载文档

0
0
约1.75万字
约 77页
2024-05-07 发布于四川
举报
版权申诉
保障服务

第2章土壤矿物质.ppt

1、本文档共77页，可阅读全部内容。
2、原创力文档（book118）网站文档一经付费（服务费），不意味着购买了该文档的版权，仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用，不得用于商业用途，未经授权，严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等，侵权必究。
3、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传，本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺！文档内容仅供研究参考，付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费，意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险，本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务；查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档，您可以点击这里二次下载。
4、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等，请点击“版权申诉”（推荐），也可以打举报电话：400-050-0827(电话支持时间：9:00-18:30)。

**Itisnon-expandingclaymineralanddifferentlayerareheldtogetherbyhydrogenbondingwhichoccursbetweentheplaneofbasaloxygenatomswithinatetrahedralsheetandtheplaneofhydroxylgroupwithintheoctahedrallayer.Theformulaforkaoliniteis(Si4)IV(Al4)VIO10(OH)8whichindicatesthatthereisnosubstitutionofSi4+withAl3+inthetetrahedrallayerandnosubstitutionofAl3+withMg2+,Zn2+,Fe2+,Ca2+,Na+,orK+intheoctahedrallayer.InordertocalculatethenetchargeofkaoliniteonehastorememberthatthechargeofSiis+4,Alis+3,oxygenis-2andOHis-1.Thusnetlayerchargeofkaoliniteis:=[4(+4)]+[4(+3)]+[10(-2)]+[8(-1)]

=28-28=0Innature,kaolinitehasasmallnetnegativechangebecausetheclaycrystalshavebrokenedges***Smectitemineralshavethreelayerswiththealuminumatomslyingbetweentwolayersofsiliconatomsina2:1structure,sharingthevalenciesoftheiroxygenatoms(Fig.6.6).Montmorillonite,atypeofsmectite,hastwolayersofsiliconatomsandonelayerofaluminumlayersin2:1structure(Fig.6.6).Itisexpandingclaymineralanddifferentlayersareheldtogetherbybondingbetweendivalentcationsandwaterwithbasaloxygenatomsofthetetrahedralsheets.Theformulaformontmorilloniteis(Si7.8Al0.2)IV(Al3.4Mg0.6)VIO20(OH)4.TheformulaindicatesthatthereissubstitutionforSi4+byAl3+inthetetrahedrallayerandforAl3+byMg2+inoctahedrallayer.Inordertocalculatethenetchargeofmontmorillonite,onehastorememberthatthechargeofSiis+4,Alis+3,Mgis+2,oxygenis-2andOHis-1.Thusnetlayerchargeofmontmorilloniteperunitcellis:=[7.8(+4)]+[0.2(+3)]+[3.4(+3)]+[0.6(+2)]+[[20(-2)]+[4(-1)]

=43.2-44.0

=0.8charge/unitcelltherearethreeisomorphoussubstitutions:twointhetetrahedrallayersandoneintheoctahedrallayer.Theformulaforsmectiteshowsthatthereisgreaterisomorphoussubstitutionintheoct