英语词汇学知识点总结.doc

WORD格式

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Word-formation

Word-formationorword-buildingisthatbranchoflexicologywhichstudiesthepatternson

whichalanguage,inthiscase,theEnglishlanguage,coinsnewwords.

Percentageofnewwordscoinedbythedifferentword-formationprocessesafterWorldWarThe

threemajorprocessesofwordformation:

CompositionorCompounding

Definition:Compoundingisaword-formationprocessconsistingofjoiningtwo

ormorebasestoformanewunit,acompoundwordpoundingisthemost

productiveword-formationprocessincontemporaryEnglish.

Identitycrisis个性危机stand-upcollar竖领

hit-and-runtactics打了就跑的战术spoon-feed填鸭式灌输，娇养

糊里糊涂muddle-headed/minded笨嘴笨舌heavy-tongued无忧无虑carefree饱经风霜weather-beaten/worn

令人心碎heart-breaking半死不活dead-alive/dead-and-alive

不合时宜ill-timed/badly-timed批量生产mass-produce

Compoundsareveryoftenusedbecauseoftheirbrevityandvividness.Forexample,

Aschoolboyismoreconcisethan“aboyattendingschool〞;

“Up-to-the-minuteinformation〞ismorevividthan“thelatestinformation〞;

“Theoldmanwouldsitforhours,thinkingsadlyofallthemight-have-beens〞ismore

compactandexpressivethan“,thinkingsadlyofthedesirablethingsthatcouldhavehappened

inthepast.〞

Therelativecriteriaofacompoundword

Orthographiccriterion(书写标准):Compoundsarewritteninthreeways,e.g.

solid:airmail;

hyphenated:air-conditioning;

open:airforce,airraid.

Phonologicalcriterion(语音标准):

Compoundaccent:asinglestressonthefirstelement;oramainstressonthefirstelement

andasecondarystressonthesecondelement.E.g.blackboard,blue‘bottle(alargebuzzingfly

withbluebody)

Normalphraseaccent:asecondarystressonthefirstelementandamainstressonthe

secondelement.E.g.‘bluebottle(abottlewhichisblue)

Semanticcriterion(语义标准):Acompoundisacombinationformingaunitexpressing

asingleidea.Thelexicalmeaningofthecomponentsarecloselyjoinedtogethertocreatea

compoundwithameaningwhichonecaneasilyrecognize,e.g.backdoor,sunset,workday.

However,themeaningofacompoundisno