五大基本句型.doc

简单句的五种基本句型，并列句和复合句 郑集中学菁华学院英语组 王芳 （一）句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种： 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old. / She didn’t hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）： Do they like skating? / Where did you go yesterday? /Is he six or seven years old? /Mary can swim, can’t she? 3）祈使句： Be careful, boys. / Don’t talk in class 4）感叹句： What an exciting film it was!/ How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种： 1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。如： He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如： You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。如： The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+不及物动词： What?he?said│does?not?matter. They│talked for?half?an?hour The?pen│writes smoothly How did the accident come about? 2、主语+及物动词+宾语： Mary bought a book./ Do you know them?/ I finished reading the text./ You must try to improve. 在此句型中，及物动词后常跟___________________________________________等作宾语。 3、主语+系动词+表语： It sounds a good idea./ The students are in favor of reform. Their favorite pastime is playing chess./ The only thing now is to take a taxi. 常用的系动词有______________________________________________________________等； 可作表语成分的有____________________________________________________________等。 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）： My father gave me a dictionary. (可用to改写→ ) I’ll make you some fresh tea. (可用for改写→ ) They forgave him his crimes. 直接宾语表示动词作用的对象，通常指的是物；间接宾语表示动作所指向的人，一般位于直接宾语之前，如果间接宾语位于直接宾语之后，则由介词to, for等引出。They called their daughter Mary./ He put his books in order./ I saw her chatting with Nancy. What do you advise me to do?/ Tom made the baby laugh./ You must make yourself respected. 此句型中的宾语后需跟上宾语补足语才完整，宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。常