TEM4重点语法详解.doc

TEM 4 重点语法详解 1. 集体名词作主语主谓一致 1)通常作复数的集体名词 集体名词，如：police, people, cattle, militia, poultry等， 通常作复数，用复数动词。如： Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides. 2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词 有些集体名词，如foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词 集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。 The city council is meeting to set its agenda. 4)a committee, etc. of +复数名词 如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。例如：A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter. 2. 关于used to的意义和用法 used to (只有过去时形式，没有现在时形式)表示过去习惯动作或状态，这种情况现已不复存在。例如：He used to smoke a lot, but he has long given up smoking. 在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中，用didn’t use to或usedn’t to均可： He didn’t use to smoke cigarettes. He usedn’t to smoke cigarettes. Didn’t Maria use to be interested in the theatre? Usedn’t Maria to be interested in the theatre? 在肯定疑问句中也可有两种形式： Used you to go to the same school as Edward? Did you use to go to the same school as Edward? 3. 关于dare的意义和用法 作为情态动词表示“胆敢”，dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句。例如： I dare not go there. How dare he say such rude things about me? dare作为情态助动词没有过去式形式，其否定式为daren’t，既可指现在时间，也可指过去时间。例如：Tom wanted to come, but he daren’t. dare还可用主动词，随后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。例如： He does not dare (to) answer. Does she dare (to) go there alone? 4. 定语从句中关系代词 that的用法 1)在既指人又指事物的两个或两个以上的先行词后面。例如： They are talking about the people and countries that they had visited. 2)在限制性定语从句中有形容词最高级的先行词后面。例如： He is the best student that I have ever met. 3)在以“It is...”,“It was...”等开头的强调句中，和相应的疑问句中。如： What is it that he wants? 4)在only, all, little的后面 This is all that I know. 5)在no, every, some和any等词后面，也包括在它们的复合词在内。如： There is no person that is always in the right. Is there anything that I can do for you? 5. be+不定式结构 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。例如： There’s to be an investigation. I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon. 这一结构常见于报纸和广播，用以宣布官方的计划或决定。例如： The Queen is to visit Ja