Linux操作系统11-优化.ppt

Acegene IT Co. Ltd. Linux操作系统系统优化 周炯 上海艾基信息技术有限公司 内容提要 Performance concepts and measurement tools: CPU Memory Disk I/O Network Process Profiling Kernel Applications Measurement Tools Linux has measurement tools common toUNIX platforms: System Activity Reporter: sar Historical database Virtual Memory Statistics: vmstat, free I/O Statistics: iostat Top Resource Consumers: top -c X-based tools: xosview, gnome-system-monitor, ksysguard, gkrellm CPU Measurements Identify the CPU statistics and interpret them: Idle time: %idle Executing user code: %user Executing system code: %system Load average: runq-sz Start with cat /proc/cpuinfo Total CPU count/speed There are several ways to see the same information, for example: CPU activity CPU Activity - mpstat What is my CPU doing?: mpstat CPU Activity - sar What is my CPU doing?: sar CPU Activity - iostat What is my CPU doing?: iostat Linux Virtual Memory Each process is assigned a contiguous address space in virtual memory that maps process memory allocations to the real memory User address space is a contiguous set of pages and is limited to 4GB per process Physical Address Extension (PAE), allows access to more than 4GB of physical memory RHat: ‘enterprise’ kernel (implied SMP) SuSE: 64GB kernel (implied SMP) Swap Measuring Swap How much is available/used? swapon -s (cat /proc/swaps) vmstat so: Amount of memory KB/s SWAP OUT to disk si: Amount of memory KB/s SWAP IN from disk swapd: Amount of virtual memory KB reserved Create/Add more? # mkswap /dev/sdc3 fstab: /dev/sdc3 swap swap pri=42 0 0 Memory Usage Measuring Memory Usage Measure memory utilization and paging. Identify the significant memory statistics. cat /proc/meminfo (units KB) MemTotal: Total physical memory MemFree: Total free memory LowFree: Free memory below 1GB physical Buffers: Linux Buffer Cache Cached: Linux Page Cache BigFree: Free bigpages memory No Free Memory? free command reports a very low number, should I be worried It’s OK if Linux buffer or