牛津高中英语语法复习（模块1-模块4）六：被动语态.docVIP

牛津高中英语语法复习（模块1-模块4） 语法复习六：被动语态 语态(Voice)，作为一个语法范畴，是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。当主语为动作执行者即施动者时，动词用主动态；如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时，动词便用被动态。例如：(1) John helped Peter.(2) Peter was helped by John.句(1) helped是主动态；句(2)was helped是被动态,可见主动态是无标记的，而被动态是有标记的。构成被动语态由助动词be的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。如：一般现在时的被动态构成形式为助动词am/is/are + 过去分词；而一般过去时的被动态构成形式为was/were + 过去分词。本册要掌握的被动语态形式有：一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词 e.g. Football is played all over the world.I’m often asked to do this work. 我常常被派做这项工作。一般过去时：was/were +过去分词 e.g. The terracotta warriors were found in 1974 near Xi’an. They were discovered by workers in a field outside the city.When was the building completed? 这座大楼什么时候建成的？一般将来时：will (shall) + be +过去分词be going to + be + 过去分词e.g. The result of the exam will be known soon.They are going to be given a difficult test.一般过去将来时：should(would) be+过去分词e.g. The teacher said the results would be published soon. He told me that the film would be shown the next week.现在进行时：am/is/are + being +过去分词e.g. The new airport is being built by a foreign company.?一家外国公司正在承建这座新机场。The song is being sung by the girls now.过去进行时：was/were being+过去分词e.g. The song was being sung by the girls when I got there.The student was being criticized when I went into the teacher’s office.将来完成时：will have been+过去分词e.g. By the end of next term 2000 English words will have been learned.The building will have been built by next year.现在完成时：has/have + bee n +过去分词e.g. All the tickets have been sold .The book has been translated into many languages.这本书已被译成多种语言。过去完成时：had been+过去分词e.g. Forty schools had been visited by last year.All the tickets had been sold out when I got to the cinema.过去将来完成时：would have been+过去分词e.g. He said many words would have been learned by 2001.They promised that ten books would have been published by the next month.情态动词：情态动词 + be + 过去分词 e.g. This road must be mended.The machine parts may be needed in our work.