中学英语语法讲座与测试.doc

中学英语语法讲座与测试 目 录 第一讲 动词时态（上） 第二讲――动词时态（下） 第三讲――被动语态 第四讲――虚 拟 语 气 第五讲――情 态 动 词 第六讲――动词不定式 第七讲――－ing分词 第八讲―――ed分词 第九讲――不定式、-ing分词和-ed分词三者间的关系 第十讲―――代词 第十一讲―――形容词和副词 第十二讲―――连 接 词 第十三讲―――前后呼应 第十四讲―――倒 装 句 第十五讲―――从 句 第一讲 动词时态（上） 目 录 一般现在时表示现在、经常或习惯的动作或状态和普遍现象、常识或客观真理；一般过去时用于过去某一时间内发生的或过去习惯性的动作或状态；一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，将来打算做的事情；现在完成时表示过去发生的动作造成目前的结果和对现在造成的影响或表示从过去延续至今的动作、状态和习惯等；将来完成时表示将来某时之前业已完成或发生的事情；过去完成时表示过去某时间之前已经发生的动作或状况，即过去的过去。注意每一种时态与其他时态的交叉使用情况。英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下(以study为例)： 　 一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时 现在 studystudies am studyingis studyingare studying have studiedhas studied have been studyinghas been studying 过去 studied was studyingwere studying had studied had been studying 将来 shall studywill study shall be studyingwill be studying shall have studiedwill have studied shall have been studyingwill have been studying 过去将来 should studywould study should be studyingwould be studying should have studiedwould have studied should have been studyingwould have been studying 考试中出现的一般有以下几种。 I、一般现在时 一、表示一般性或经常发生的动作或状态 1) In general ［A］ ， newspapers emphasize current news， whereas ［B］ magazines dealt ［C］ more with ［D］ background materials. 2) The adult mosquito usually lives for about ［A］ thirty days， although ［B］ the life span varied ［C］ widely with temperature， humidity， and other ［D］ factors of the environment. 3) Industrial buyers ［A］ are responsible ［B］ for supplying ［C］ the goods and services that an organization required ［D］ for its operations.二、表示习惯性动作和状态或普遍的现象或常识 4) It is an accepted ［A］ custom in west countries that ［B］ men removed ［C］ their hats when a woman enters ［D］ the room. 5) Certain layers of the atmosphere have special names . ［A］which indicated their character properties［B］whose characteristic properties were indicating［C］what characterize their indicated properties［D］that indicate their characteristic properties三、表示客观事实、客观规律和客观真理。在宾语从句中，即使主句的谓语动词用了过去时，只要从句表示的是客观真理，从句的谓语动词也要用一般现在时 6) The teacher told them since ［A］ light travels fa