湖北省玉米禾谷镰刀菌的种群结构与毒素类型.doc

  湖北省玉米禾谷镰刀菌的种群结构与毒素 类型 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40  摘要：禾谷镰刀菌可以侵染玉米引起玉米穗腐病，本论文对湖北玉米产区的禾谷镰刀菌群的 种群分布和产毒类型进行了研究。SCAR 分析结果表明，湖北省玉米上的禾谷镰刀菌菌株存 在 Fusarium asiaticum 和 F. graminearum 2 种类型，前者占绝大多数（73%）；毒素化学型鉴 定结果表明，这些禾谷镰刀菌菌株存在 2 种产毒类型：NIV 和 15-AcDON 型，其中 NIV 型 是主要的毒素类型（70%），没有检测到 15-AcDON 型，与中国小麦禾谷镰刀菌群三种毒素 化学型都存在差异较大，推测来自不同寄主的禾谷镰刀菌可能产生不同类型的毒素。 关键词：玉米；禾谷镰刀菌群；种群结构；毒素化学型 中图分类号：S435.1 Population structure and mycotoxin chemotypes of the Fusarium graminearum clade causing maize ear rot in Hubei ZHANG Jingbo1,2, ZHAO Juan1, LIHeping1, LIAO Yucai1,2 (1. Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070; 2. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070) Abstract: Fusarium graminearum clade was the main causal agent of maize ear rot．In this paper the population structure and mycotoxin chemotypes of the clade causing maize ear rot in Hubei province was investigated.The results of SCAR analysis with F. graminearum specific primers Fg16F/R showed a coexistence of SCAR type I (F. graminearum) (27 strains, 27%) and SCAR type V (F. asiaticum) (73 strains, 73%) from maize in Hubei province. F. asiaticum was predominately present. The chemotypes of these strains were identified with a number of specific primers. Seventy strains (70%) were identified as NIV-type and 30 strains (30%) were identified as 15-AcDON-type, while no 3-AcDON-type was detected. The mycotoxin chemotypes of F. graminearum clade in maize was different from wheat, in which three mycotoxin chemotypes all exsisted. We conjectured that it was caused by strains from different hosts. Key words: maize; Fusarium graminearum clade; population structure; mycotoxin chemotype 0 引言 玉米在我国是三大粮食作物之一，最高产的谷类作物，同时也是重要的饲料作物和工业 原料，在食品、医药、化工等方面均有广泛用途。 玉米生产在国家粮食安全保障中占有举 足轻重的地位． 玉米穗（粒）腐病是世界玉米产区广泛存在的主要病害之一，随着玉米种 植面积在我国的扩大，玉米穗腐病的危害有日渐加剧的趋势，其病原菌以镰刀菌为主[1-4]。 镰刀菌侵染玉米穗后可造成果穗腐烂而引起直接减产，更重要的是，镰刀菌产生的剧毒性及 致癌性毒素如T-2毒素、呕吐毒素（DON）、伏马菌素（FB）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）等， 直接累积存留在籽粒中，可随