2004脑病理课件.pptVIP

Brainstem I Medical Neuroscience Dr. Wiegand Brainstem Lectures Brainstem I External structure Cerebellum Cranial nerves Brainstem II Internal structure Cranial nerve nuclei Reticular formation Location of selected tracts Brainstem Organization Ventral Brainstem Cerebral peduncles Interpeduncular fossa Basilar pons Pyramids & decussation Olives Anterior median fissure Olivary sulci Bulbopontine sulcus Cerebellar angle Dorsal Brainstem Colliculi & brachia Cerebellar peduncles Rhomboid fossa Tuberculum Gracilis Tuberculum Cuneatus Tuberculum Cinereum “Open” vs. “Closed” Medulla Dorsal Brainstem – Rhomboid Fossa Isthmus Velum Obex Posterior median sulcus Medial eminence Facial colliculus Sulcus limitans Stria Medullares Trigones Hypoglossal Vagal Cerebellum Outgrowth of pons Connects to brainstem through cerebellar peduncles Functions Muscle tone regulation Coordinated movement Postural control Motor learning Cerebellum Cerebellar cortex surrounding white matter Series of fissures and folia Cerebellum Cranial Nerve Functional Classifications GSE – motor innervation of somatic musculature SVE – motor innervation of branchiomeric musculature GVE – motor innervation of viscera GVA – sensory input from viscera SVA – taste and smell sensory input GSA – general somatosensory input SSA – special senses of vision and hearing/balance Cranial Nerves – Telencephalon & Diencephalon Olfactory – smell (SVA) Optic – vision (SSA) Cranial Nerves –Mesencephalon Oculomotor – extraocular eye muscles (GSE) PSNS to eye (GVE) Trochlear – extraocular muscle (sup. oblique) (GSE) Cranial Nerves –Metencephalon Trigeminal – Muscles of mastication (SVE) General sensation of the head and face (GSA) Abducens – extraocular muscle (lat. rectus) (GSE) Cranial Nerves –Metencephalon Facial – Facial expression muscles (SVE) Glands (submandibular, sublingual & lacrimal) (GVE) Taste (SVA) General sensation of ear (GSA) Vestibulocochlear – Hearing and balance (SSA) Cranial Nerves –Mylen