《流体力学》.pptVIP

Example 3: Venturi VENTURY METER For this case, since the level for points 1 is equal to that for point 2 , z1 z2. Then, using the Bernoulli equation, we can write the relation to be Of Continuity : Difference pressure: By applying Momentum law to our elemental length of channel we have 3.3.3 The Dynamic or Momentum Equation This is the dynamic, or momentum, equation Steady-flow 3.4 Calculation Basics 名称 型式 物理意义 注 雷诺数，Re Reynolds number 惯性力 粘滞力 最重要的流力无量纲参数 弗劳德数，Fr Froude number 惯性力 重 力 出现于有自由表面时 欧拉数，Eu Euler number 压 力 惯性力 出现于当压力或压力降很重要时 马赫数，M Mach number 惯性力 压缩力 出现于流体压缩性很重要时 韦伯数，We Weber number 惯性力 表面张力 出现于流体表面张力很重要时 L与长度量纲有关的尺寸，如直径 Calculation Basics e Continuity b Pascals’s law g Bernoulli equation f Flow resistance a Hydrostatic pressure c Transmission of power d Transmission of pressure 3.4.1 Flow In Circular Pipes To describe any of these flows, conservation of mass and conservation of momentum equations are the most general forms could be used to describe the dynamic system. Where the key issue is the relation between flow rate and pressure drop. If the flow fluid is: Newtonian Isothermal（等温的） Incompressible dose not depend on the pressure Steady flow independent on time . Laminar flow the velocity has only one single component Laminar flow Navier-Stokes equations is govern the flow field a set of equations containing only velocity components and pressure and can be solved exactly to obtain the Hagen-Poiseuille relation Vz r ??? In ?? Pz r+dr r Body force due to gravity Flow If the principle of conservation of momentum is applied to a fixed volume element through which fluid is flowing and on which forces are acting, then the forces must be balanced Newton second law ??? Pz+dz Pz+dz Laminar Flow Continue [contd.] Forces balance 1…Shear forces 2….Pressure 3…..Body force Boundary layer buildup in a pipe Pipe Entrance v v v Because of the shear force near the pipe wall, a boundary layer forms on the inside surface and occupies a l