初中学生一般过去时态的错误范围变异研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 英语语法学习是英语学习中的一项基本内容，英语时态语法的重要组成部分也是 我国初学者比较困难的部分，学生在这方面经常犯错误，本文采用看图说话和录音转 写的方式收集了30 名中国初中学生和2 名外国留学生的口头输出材料,并对这些材料 中出现的动词数量、使用动词的频率、动词一般过去时态、使用频率、错误形式以及 初一、初二、初三学生在使用动词一般过去时态过程中所出现的错误形式和错误演变 方式分别进行统计和比较；并对中国学生在语篇中使用动词时态的错误进行分析和与 外国留学生的语篇时态进行比较，最后得出我国初中学生在学习一般过去时态的时候 首先掌握词形变化的基本规则 v+ed ，然后会进行泛化处理 （generalization ），甚至会 叠加同一语法规则；学习者的错误种类繁多,但是比较有规律的是他们在学会了+ed 规则以后,并不掌握时态的交际功能,突出的表现是当处于语篇层次时，基本上不能控 制时态的一致性,造成时态在语篇中的混乱状态。除了这些特点以为，学习者还有种 种语言使用控制技能方面的错误，譬如口语中搞不清时态的形式，出现了许多在形式 上并不能简单归类的错误，这些错误说明，时态的操练不是一朝一夕的学习内容，而 是一个需要在交际中反复练习的项目。 关键词：初中学生，一般过去时态错误，错误范围变异 - - ii ABSTRACT Tense is one of the most important parts in grammar learning. It tends to become one of the weak parts in English learning for Chinese learners, during which errors are found in various levels of Interlingua development. The researcher carried out a study on the development of junior high school students in learning the past tense of English by analyzing their errors in the past tense in their oral narrative production based on a series of story pictures. The purpose was to study the characteristics in the interlingua of these learners, and their characteristics of variations. 30 students in three grades from junior high one to three are selected to tell a story based on a given series of pictures of story. Their stories were spontaneously recorded, and later transcribed for analysis. Later their data were compared with the productions from two native English speakers on the same series of pictures. The analysis suggests that learners tend to learn the tense ’s simple rule ―+ed‖ first before they generalize to others. They later tend to apply the rules to many other erroneous