简析普罗提诺的时间观及其对基督教时间哲学的影响-南开大学.docVIP

南 开 大 学 目录 一、普罗提诺哲学研究引言 2 （一）引言 2 二、普罗提诺的时间哲学 7 （一）时间问题的缘起 7 （二）从流溢到本体世界之构成 9 （三）一个转向：内在化时间观的直视 14 （四）灵魂——生命的延伸 19 三、普罗提诺之后：奥古斯丁的时间哲学 24 四、结语 30 五、附录 32 参考文献 36 简析普罗提诺的时间观及其对基督教时间哲学的影响 摘要：在前哲学时代，时间概念寄托于神话的经验性阐释。柏拉图在其《蒂迈欧篇》中提出“时间是一种永恒的影像”，这种观念对古代哲学的时间观产生了深刻的影响。随后亚里士多德把外在化时间观巩固在“运动”和“计数”的前提上，提出“时间是一种连续的数目”，更加深刻地重构了时间在整个形而上学结构中的基础意义。而普罗提诺在《九章集》中又对前二者这种外在化时间观提出了反思和批判。首先，普罗提诺肯定了柏拉图的神创说，但又以其独有的“流溢说”丰富了二元世界结构的内涵，阐释了时间之为永恒的影像何以可能。其次，普氏部分地借鉴了亚里士多德的“计数”观，但随后举出亚里士多德“计数”观内在的痼疾——对时间的“计数者”的忽视，间接地批判了外在化时间观，提出“时间是灵魂生命的延伸”，将先前的外在化时间观最终收摄到内在化的视域之内，完成了哥白尼式的转向。这种内在化时间观从根本上确立了一种新的时间哲学立场，并为后世基督教时间哲学尤其是奥古斯丁时间观的出现发挥了先导作用。本文就普罗提诺的时间观入手，着重突出了内在化时间观的兴起，以一条哲学史发展的线索研究时间哲学自身演变的内在逻辑。 关键词：普罗提诺；永恒；时间；灵魂；流溢；奥古斯丁；基督教 Abstract:At the Pre-philosophy age, the conception of time found sustenance in the myth’s empirical explanation.Plato proposed “time is the image of eternity” in his Timaeus, and this conception has a profound impaction on the time conception in the ancient philosophy. Later, Aristotle consolidated the conception of Outer-time on the premise of “motion” and “counting”, proposed that “time is a continuous number”, reconstructed the basic meaning of time in the whole metaphysical structure more profoundly. But Plotinus reflected and criticized this view of Outer-time in Enneads. Firstly, Plotinus affirmed the Creationism Says of Plato, but then enriched the connotation of Binary World’s structure with his unique view of “Emanation”, narrated “why the time is eternity’s image” clearly. Secondly, Plotinus learned the view of “Count” of Aristotle partly, but put forward the inherent ills of Aristotle’ view, which is ignored the “counter”, and criticized the conception of Outer-time indirectly, proposed that time is a expanse of life of the Soul, completed the Copernican turn, which is external conception of time to internalize within sight of the closing photo. This view of Inner-time established a new position of time fundamentally, and played a leading role in the Christian philosophy of t