过渡词在书面表达中运用.docVIP

过渡词在书面表达中的运用湖南师大附中 程继炳 根据近几年的高考《考试说明》，英语书面表达评分标准第五档（很好）中有这样的表述：“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用复杂结构或高级词汇所致。”这就是说，学生仅运用基础词汇和基本句型，并不能体现出较强的语言运用能力，这样即使表达中无语法错误，也不能得高分；相反，尽管有些许错误，但如果目的是在有意识地使用复杂结构或较高级词汇，也不会扣多少分，仍属最高档次。那么究竟如何运用高级词汇和复杂结构来写出好的文章，从而提高书面表达的档次呢？注意使用过渡词即起、承、转、合的单词和短语。 过渡词是指一个与原句无句法关系的附加部分，在句中往往起缓和词气，表明态度，看法，解释说明整个句子的作用。过渡词的位置较灵活，可置于句首, 句中或句末。过渡词在句中是一个独立部分，是句子不可缺少的成分，它在句与句中起一个逻辑意义一致，句子之间连接承上启下的作用。同时在文章中使用好过渡词还能提高文章的档次分，句子显得逻辑性强，结构紧凑，也是语言功底好的表现。如果去掉，句子的意思就不完整，甚至不知所云。 试比较下面例句：例1.We must work. We must believe in ourselves.—We must work and above all we must believe in ourselves.例2.I was anxious to leave. I felt that I wasn’t able to tell my grandparents that we were safe.— On one hand, I was anxious to leave, on the other hand I felt that I wasn’t able to tell my grandparents that we were safe.例3. 1) To tell you the truth, life is beautiful. I have no reason to think otherwise.2) Personally, I don’t like this painting. 可见过渡词在写作中使用得当，可以给文章增辉添彩，可以使描写更细致如微，说明文层次清楚，条分缕析，证论文说服力更强。反之，则使文章逻辑不清，显得生硬，乏味。下面从近几年高考作文优秀范文中提取出使用频率最高的过渡词，根据其在文章中的作用，大致可归纳为十二类：1、顺序过渡词 2、递进过渡词 3、对比过渡词 4、原因与结果过渡词 5、等同过渡词 6、空间过渡词 7、例举过渡词 8、阐述性过渡词 9、口语性过渡词 10、事实性过渡词 11、概括性过渡词 12、描述性过渡词。1.顺序过渡词1. First, next, then, finally 2. for one, second, finally3. to begin with, next, finally4. in the beginning, at the beginning5. in the first place, in the second place, in the third place6. in the end, at last, finally7. for one thing, for another8．After that, with that例句：1． First of all, don’t come in here without a teacher.首先，老师不在（办公室）时不能进来。2． He then filled a cup with some of the petrol, some of the caster oil and some of the vinegar. As the students watched him quietly, he mixed the three together. After that, he held up one of his fingers and showed it to the class.接着，他在一个杯子里注些汽油，调味油和一些醋。当学生们静静地注视着他的时候，他将这三种液体搅拌在一起。随后，他举起一根手指给全班同学看。3. First, it is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earth’s plates join together. Second, if you think there m