论中国农业发展机制生态化.docVIP

论中国农业发展机制的生态化 发布日期：2010-08-26??? 文章来源：北大法律信息网 【摘要】诸如水土流失、面源污染、工业污染、农业生物多样性减损等农业生态环境问题正困扰着中国农业的进一步发展。生态学研究成果、新的生态哲学观以及农业可持续发展要求都共同指向了融合生态环境目标的农业发展路径，“替代农业”正在兴起。传统农业的生态经验以及“可持续农业”、“有机农业”等“替代农业”的新近地方生态经验，都为中国解决农业生态环境问题并实现农业可持续发展指明了生态化方向。为此，中国农业需要一个从土地管理到技术创新、从农业财政到农业金融的全面调整和优化。 【英文摘要】China contemporary agricultural development system is being severely challenged for the increasing serious ecological environmental problems in rural areas, such as, among many others, soil erosion and water loss, non-point source pollution, industrial pollution transfer, and agro-biodiversity degradation. The study from ecological science and ecological philosophy, to some extend, has pointed out how to keep and enhance a sustainable agriculture ecology system, i.e. integrating ecological environmental protection and improvement requirements into agriculture development system and following a more alternative agriculture way. The ecological environmental-friendly experiences from the local pilots of Sustainable Agriculture and Organic Agriculture, as well as coming down from China conventional agriculture, provide some sophisticated approaches to promote the farmed ecological environmental protection and improvement. While more efforts should still be made on land management, as of reasonable cropping measures, effective chemical control, and multifunctional farming structure, for examples, agricultural subsidy system and financial system should also actively respond to the ecological environmental-friendly agriculture development trend. 【关键词】生态环境;持续发展;生态友好 【英文关键词】ecological environment； sustainable development； ecological-friendl 【写作年份】2007年 【正文】 　　工业革命以来，科技进步的成果使人类逐渐摆脱了对自然的极度依赖，却一度走向了 “控制自然”的另一端。[1] 工业如此，农业也如此，当农业迎来机械化、技术化、商品化、工业化等新的概念时，它本身就已经融合在工业文明之中了。虽然开始于20世纪中叶的工业化农业发展阶段的历史并不长，但在机械工业和化学工业的支持下，化肥、农药、机械和动力等能物资源在农业生产中的泛滥已造成了严重的农业生态问题，所谓“石油农业”的生态破坏性和不可持续性正受到批判。尽管目前中国尚处于工业化农业发展阶段的初期，但生态问题也已接踵而来。在生态环境意识觉醒的全球背景下，中国农业必须审慎应对农业发展和生态保护的双重挑战。 　　 　　一、中国农业发展的生态困境 　　 　　㈠不断硬化的水土资源约束