微囊藻毒素对人类健康影响相关与研究回顾.pdfVIP

J. Lake Sci.(湖泊科学), 2009, 21(5): 603-613 . E-mail: jlakes@ ©2009 by Journal of Lake Sciences 微囊藻毒素对人类健康影响相关研究的回顾*∗ 谢 平 ( 中国科学院水生生物研究所, 东湖湖泊生态系统试验站, 武汉 430072) 摘 要 : 本文回顾了微囊藻毒素(MC,一种最常见而重要的蓝藻毒素)对人类健康影响相关的研究. 迄今为止的一些重要历史 事件包括: (1)1990 年, 科学家首次发现, MC 进入肝细胞后, 能强烈地抑制蛋白磷酸酶(PP1、PP2A) 的活性, 这是MC 致毒的最 重要的分子基础; (2)1996 年, 在巴西发生了肾透析用水被MC(-LR 、-YR 和-AR)污染导致52 人死亡的严重事件; (3)中国南方 原发性肝癌的高发病率被认为与饮水中的MC 污染有关; (4)1998 年, 世界卫生组织提出了饮用水中MC-LR 含量的临时指导 值为 1µg/L; (5)从巢湖的专业渔民血液中检测出 MCs, 并发现长期的低剂量慢性暴露引起了一定程度的肝损伤. 微囊藻毒素 对人类健康的影响证据确凿, 不容忽视, 尤其是在富营养化越演越烈、有毒蓝藻水华肆虐的今天. 关键词: 蓝藻水华; 微囊藻毒素; 人类健康; 肝损伤 A review on the studies related to the effects of microcystins on human health XIE Ping (Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems , Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China) Abstract : This paper reviewed on the studies on the effects oh microcystins on human health. So far, there have been several important historical events related with this. First, scientists revealed for the first time that microcystins could potently inhibit protein phosphatase 1 and 2A in 1990, which was the most important molecular basis for the toxicity of microcystins. Second, human intoxications by MCs (-LR, -YR and -AR) caused deaths of 52 patients at Caruaru dialysis centers in Brazil in 1996. Third, high incidence of primary liver cancer in southeast of China was related with MC contamination of drinking waters. Fourth, World Health Organization provided a provisional guideline value of 1 µg/L for drinking water in 1998. Recently, microcystins were identified for the first time in the serum of a chronically exposed human population (fishermen at Lake Chaohu, South China) together with indication of hepatocellular damage. Conclusiv