材料导论词汇.docVIP

Chapter 1 Introduction Read the textbook （P3）and answer the following question： What is the phenomenon? And why? You should be able to do the following: 1. List six different property classifications of materials that determine their applicability. 2. Cite the four components that are involved in the design, production, and utilization of materials, and briefly describe the interrelationships between these components. 3. Cite three criteria that are important in the materials selection process. 4. (a) List the three primary classifications of solid materials, and then cite the distinctive chemical feature of each. (b) Note the other three types of materials and, for each, its distinctive feature(s). Chapter 2 Interatomic Bonding 1 Make sure you understand concepts: “ Covalent bond 共价键 A primary interatomic bond that is formed by the sharing of electrons between neighboring atoms. “ Dipole (electric)偶极A pair of equal yet opposite electrical charges that are separated by a small distance. “ Hydrogen bond氢键A strong secondary interatomic bond that exists between a bound hydrogen atom (its unscreened proton) and the lectrons of adjacent atoms. “ Ionic bond离子键A coulombic interatomic bond that exists between two djacent and oppositely charged ions. “ Metallic bond金属键A primary interatomic bond involving the nondirectional sharing of nonlocalized valence electrons (‘‘sea of electrons’’)that are mutually shared by all the atoms in the metallic solid. “ Polar molecule极性分子A molecule in which there exists a permanent electric dipole moment by virtue of the asymmetrical distribution of positively and negatively charged regions. “ Primary bonding主价键 Interatomic bonds that are relatively strong and for which bonding energies are relatively large. Primary bonding types are ionic, covalent, and metallic. “ Secondary bonding次价键Interatomic and intermolecular bonds that are relatively weak and for which bonding energies are relatively small. Normally atomic or molecular dipo