JAVA基础教程8.pptVIP

Holding your objects 华南理工大学 计算机科学与工程学院 韦佳 csjwei@scut.edu.cn You need to create any number of objects, anytime, anywhere. The java.util library has a reasonably complete set of container classes to solve this problem, the basic type of which are List, Set, Queue, and Map. Generics and type-safe containers One of the problems of using pre-Java SE5 containers was that the compiler allowed you to insert an incorrect type in to a container. //ApplesAndOrangesWithoutGenerics.java With generics, you’re prevented, at compile time, from putting the wrong types of objects to a container. //ApplesAndOrangesWithGenerics.java You are not limited to putting the exact type of objects into a container when you specify that type as a generic parameter. Upcasting works the same with generics as it does with other types. //GenericsAndUpcasting.java Basic concepts of container Collection: a sequence of individual elements with one or more rules applied to them. List: must hold the elements in the way they were inserted; Set: cannot have duplicate elements; Queue: produces the elements in the order determined by a queuing discipline (FIFO). Map: a group of key-value object pairs, allowing you to look up a value using a key. A map allows you to look up an object using another object. It’s also called an associative array. Adding groups of elements Arrays.asList(): takes either an array or a comma-separated list of elements and turn it into a List object. Collections.addAll(): takes a Collection object and either an array or a comma-separated list and adds the elements to the Collection. //AddingGroups.java A limitation of Arrays.asList() is that it takes a best guess about the resulting type of the List, and doesn’t pay attention to what you’re assigning it to. //AsListInference.java Printing containers You can print containers without any help. //PrintingContainers.java List: ArrayList, LinkedList. Set: HashSet, TreeSet, LinkedHashSet. Map: HashMap, TreeMap, LinkedHashMap. List There