导数在不等式证明中应用.doc

摘 要 众所周知，不等式的证明方法被广泛的研究，常见的证明方法如下：比较法、反证法、数学归纳法、构造法、分析法、综合法等若干方法，但是有些不等式利用上述方法证明起来比较困难，这时我们可以通过运用函数的相关知识去考察不等式，以导数为工具，把不等式的证明转化为利用导数来研究函数性质的过程. 以函数的观点认识不等式，就是利用不等式与函数之间的紧密联系，将不等式的部分或者全部投射到函数上，直接或等价变形后，结合不等式的结构特征，通过函数的相关运算来证明. 把导数作为一种工具证明不等式是一种行之有效的好方法，它能使不等式的证明化难为宜，迎刃而解. 本文就探讨了利用函数的单调性、最值、凹凸性、微分中值定理、泰勒公式进行不等式证明的具体方法，并给出了各种方法的适用范围，结合实际例题总结了综合应用各种方法进行证明的基本思路. 关键词：函数；导数；不等式 Abstract As we all know, the method of proof inequalities have been extensively studied, they are as follows: comparison law, the proof by contradiction, mathematical induction, construction law, analysis, synthesis method, etc. But there are also some inequalities that could not be proved by the above methods. Then let’s recognize the inequality from the viewpoint of function, with derivative as a tool, to make the inequality proof converted to a research for the nature of function with the help of derivative. From the viewpoint of function to recognize inequalities is the use of the close link between inequality and function making the inequality part or the whole projected to function, either directly or equivalent deformation combined with the inequality structural features, to prove it through the correlation operation of the function. As to the proof of inequalities, the use of derivative proved to be an effective method and make the process easier and easier. This thesis discusses the specific methods to use of monotonicity, the most value, bump, the differential mean value theorem and Taylor formula prove inequality and provide the scope of application of the various methods, summarizing the basic of the integrated application of each method with combination of actual examples. Key words: Function; Derivative; Inequality  目 录 摘要 I Abstract II 绪论 1 第 1 章 导数的相关理论 2 1.1 导数的定义 2 1.2 导数的几何意义 2 1.3 函数的可导性与连续性 3 1.4 基本初等函数的导数公式 3 1.5 导数的四则运算法则 3 1.6 复合函数的求导法则 4 1.7 反函数求导法则 4 1.8 高阶导数 4 1.9 隐函数的导数 5 第 2 章 导数在不等式证明中的应用 6 2.1 利用函数的单调性证明不等式 6 2.1.1 函数的单调性 6 2.1.2 单调性在不等式中的应用 6 2