电气工程与自动化专业英语 教学课件 作者 王伟 5.pptxVIP

5.1　IntroductionMagnetism has been studied for many years. Some metals in their natural state attract small pieces of iron. This property is called magnetism. Materials that have this ability are called natural magnets. The first magnets used were called lodestones. Now, artificial magnets are made in many different strengths, sizes, and shapes. Magnetism is important because it is used in electric motors, generators, transformers, relays, and many other electrical devices. The earth itself has a magnetic field like a large magnet.5.2　Permanent MagnetsFig.5-1　Magnetic flux lines distortedthrough a piece of iron5.2　Permanent MagnetsFig.5-2　Horseshoe magnet5.3　Magnetic Field Around Conductors and a Coil5.3.1　Magnetic Field Around Conductors5.3.2　Magnetic Field Around a Coil5.3.3　Electromagnets5.3.1　Magnetic Field Around ConductorsFig.5-3　The direction relationship of current flow and magnetic flux5.3.2　Magnetic Field Around a CoilFig.5-4　Magnetic filed around a loop of wire5.3.2　Magnetic Field Around a CoilFig.5-5　Magnetic filed around a coil of wire5.3.3　ElectromagnetsFig.5-6　Magnetic filed around a coil of wire with a core5.4　Ohm’s Law for Magnetic CircuitsA relationship similar to Ohm’s law for electrical circuits exists in magnetic circuits. Magnetic circuits have magnetomotive force (MMF), magnetic flux (Φ), and reluctance (R). MMF is the force that causes a magnetic flux to be developed. Magnetic flux consists of the lines of force around a magnetic material. Reluctance is the opposition to the development of a magnetic flux. These terms may be compared to voltage, current, and resistance in electrical circuits.5.5　Domain Theory of MagnetismA theory of magnetism was presented in the nineteenth century by the German scientist Wilhelm Weber. Weber’s theory of magnetism was called the molecular theory. It dealt with the alignment of molecules in magnetic materials. Weber felt that molecules were aligned in an orderly arrangement in magnetic materials. In nonmagneti