电气工程与自动化专业英语 教学课件 作者 王伟 16.pptxVIP

16.1　Transmission and Distribution Systems1) Are comprised of three-phase AC systems operating essentially at constant voltage. Generation and transmission facilities use three-phase equipment. Industrial loads are invariably three-phase. Single-phase residential and commercial loads are distributed equally among the phases so as to effectively form a balanced three-phase system.2) Use synchronous machines for generation of electricity. Prime movers convert the primary sources of energy (fossil, nuclear, and hydraulic) to mechanical energy that is, in turn, converted to electrical energy by synchronous generators.3) Transmit power over significant distances to consumers spread over a wide area. This requires a transmission system comprising subsystems operating at different voltage levels.Fig.16-1　One-line diagram16.2　Power System ControlsFig.16-2　Voltage regulator and turbine-governor controls for a steam-turbine generator16.2　Power System ControlsFig.16-3　Daily load cycle16.3　Generator-Voltage ControlFig.16-4　Simplified block diagram—generator-voltage control16.4　Turbine-Governor ControlFig.16-5　Steady-state frequency-power relation for a turbine-governor16.4　Turbine-Governor ControlFig.16-6　Turbine-governor block diagram16.5　Load-Frequency Control1) Following a load change, each area should assist in returning the steady-state frequency error Δf to zero.2) Each area should maintain the net tie-line power flow out of the area at its scheduled value, in order for the area to absorb its own load changes.16.6　Optimal Power FlowThe economic dispatch problem is that how the real power output of each controlled generating unit in an area is selected to meet a given load and to minimize the total operating costs in the area. Economic dispatch has one significant shortcoming—it ignores the limits imposed by the devices in the transmission system. Each transmission line and transformer has a limit on the amount of power that can be transmitted through it, with the limits a