澳大利亚干旱问题解决策略.docVIP

Introduction Drought, which marks a hidden danger in the nature, counts a sort of normal phenomenon in various climate changes and is possible to occur in regions of both high and low precipitations. Therefore, it is a relative phenomenon. The cause of drought, which can result in water shortage in some activities or groups, lies in the lack of rainfall (Reduction of water supply), which on average is led to by natural factors. However, human activities (quantity demanded inclusive) can also lead to deterioration of the problem. African continent marks the area with the most predominant problem of drought. But what is disregardful is that in the past few decades, many developed countries in the world, especially Australia, also suffered the invasion of drought. Without doubt, natural elements can predominantly account for the problem. However, some human factors result in the repeated extension of time for water, which is undeniable. As a result, great necessity is in existence to formulate some water supply schemes with both high efficiency as well as energy conservation. The aim of this report is to make comparison of the possible water supply schemes for Australia. Background Locating in the southern hemisphere and being surrounded by the sea, Australia, whose territory covers an area of 7,680,000 square kilometers, marks the continent with the least precipitation all over the world with the average of just 470mm across the nation, which, furthermore, reduces with the increasing distance from the sea. For example, annual precipitation of Sydney, which locates along the coast in the southeast, can reach to 1113mm while that of Alice Springs, which stands in the central continent, is just 268mm. The climate of Australia is relatively warm all year round. Regardless of a few exceptions, most regions enjoy winters without freezing. Generally, temperature is between 10-18 centigrade in winter and 24-29 centigrade in summer. Warm climate and the little rainfall ha