英语长句的分析.docVIP

英语长句的分析方法 一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法: (1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。 (2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。 (3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它 是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。 (4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。 (5) 注意插入语等其他成分。 (6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。 句子分类：⑴完全句vs不完全句 ⑵简单句 并列句 复杂句 并列复杂句 名词性从句 种类 作用 常用关联词 例句 主语从句 在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前，也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后 that, whether, if, as if, as though, who, whose, which, how, when, where, why, what, whatever, whoever, wherever Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter much. Whoever comes here will be welcome. 表语从句 在复合句中做表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后 It looks as if it is going to snow. 宾语从句 在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词 He asked me which team could win the game. 同位语从句 放在名词之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) 表明其具体内容 You have no idea how worried we are. The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us. 定语从句/形容词性从句/关系从句 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 关系代词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 人，物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略 关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which that与which, who, whom的用法区别： 情况 用法说明 例句 只用that的情况 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。 先行词被all,