英国文化4.ppt

* PM021:Aspects of British Society and Culture Lecture 4, Week 4 * PM021:Aspects of British Society and Culture Health and Welfare What do we know about health in Britain? Who is responsible for our well being? What else do you know about the ‘health of the nation’? Health in Britain * PM021:Aspects of British Society and Culture The areas this lecture will focus on: The historical background of health and welfare reform in Britain The birth of the ‘Welfare State’ Health in Britain today Lesson Objectives * PM021:Aspects of British Society and Culture Historical Background The beginning of an organised social provision in Britain could be seen as early as during Queen Elizabeth I’s reign (1558-1603). This was known as the Poor Law and took the control of charity provision from the church. This was the start of state social legislation in Britain. PM021:Aspects of British Society and Culture * Historical Background In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries living conditions worsened as people moved from rural to urban areas for work as it developed from the industrial revolution. There were many workers living close to their factories in overcrowded and poor conditions. This caused many hardships for working families including illness and disease. * PM021:Aspects of British Society and Culture Historical Background 1834 saw the Poor Law Amendment Act in England and Wales, with Scotland coming a little later (Poor Law (Scotland) Act 1845). This hoped to make the system fairer and reduce the cost in taxation. A system of workhouses were introduced. People were discouraged from relying on the state system and it became seen by those who needed its help as a last resort as conditions were appalling and families were often separated. * PM021:Aspects of British Society and Culture Historical Background During this time workers established their own social self-help groups as the government were reluctant to allow official workers groups to form e.g. Trade Unions