造纸原料概述.pptVIP

竹材原料中各种细胞形态如图 纤维细胞 导管 薄壁细胞 石细胞 （二）纤维原料中纤维细胞的化学组成 纤维素 半纤维素 木 素 灰 分 果 胶 蛋 白 质 针叶材 45－52％ 13－19％ 25－32% 0.2－1.2％ 0.9－1.1％ 0.5－0.9％ 阔叶材 43－52％ 23－26％ 17－23％ 0.3－1.0％ ～1.7％ ～0.7％ 竹 材 42－50％ 18－25％ 22－33％ 1.0－3.5％ ～0.8％ 草 类 37－50％ 18－26％ 9.5－25％ 1.4－16％ 0.2－1.0％ 1.8－6.0％ 麻 类 60－82％ 5－19％ 1.5－15％ 0.6－5％ 0.2－3.4％ 树皮类 39－55％ 8－12.5% 9－17.5％ 2.5－5％ 5.6－13％ 4－6％ 重点思考和需掌握的问题 莎草纸（Papyrus）是由哪个国家发明的？它是传统意义上的纸（Paper）吗？ 造纸原料可分成哪几大类？ 从细胞在植物生长中的功能上分，造纸用植物纤维原料中的细胞分为哪几类？ 木材原料中的管胞和木纤维在原料中是按纵向分布，还是按横向分布，其功能是什么？ * * * * * 轴向管胞是针叶树材中轴向排列的厚壁细胞，两端封闭，内部中空，细而长，胞壁上具有纹孔，同时起水分疏导和机械支持作用，是决定针叶树材材性的主要因素。 造纸原料概述 沈静 东北林业大学 Four Great Inventions of Ancient China  Papermaking Printing technique Compass Gunpower /intro/focus/inventions.htm Pre-Paper Media The following is a list of pre-paper media developed by early humans: Wood Metal Stone Leaves Ceramics Bark Papyrus Parchment Cloth /~craftjr/paper1/sub_in1c.ppt Egyptians and Papyrus The papyrus (莎草纸) developed before 2,200 B.C. by the Egyptians was not considered true paper. In fact, the very word paper is derived from its name. /~craftjr/paper1/sub_in1c.ppt /products/egyptian-papyrus-paper/ Image of a papyrus plant /~seidti/iam/papyrus.html /~seidti/iam/tc_pap66.html /wiki/Papyrus It appears similar to cloth. /~craftjr/paper1/sub_in1c.ppt Manufacture of papyrus Papyrus is made from the stem of the papyrus plant. The outer rind is first stripped off, and the sticky fibrous inner pith is cut lengthwise into thin strips of about 40?cm (16?in) long. The strips are then placed side by side on a hard surface with their edges slightly overlapping, and then another layer of strips is laid on top at a right angle. /wiki/Papyrus It is also possible that the two layers were glued together. While still moist, the two layers are hammered together, mashing the layers into a single sheet. The sheet is then dried under pressure. After drying, the sheet of papyrus is polished with some rounded object, possibly