Normal stress =.ppt

Shear stress (切應力) = ? = F tangential to the area / A Normal strain (正應變) ? = fractional change of length= Stress-strain curve Exercise set 2 (Problem 3)Find the total extension of the bar. Bulk modulus ? Poissons ratio :For a homogeneous isotropic material normal strain : lateral strain : Poissons ratio : value of ? : 0.2 - 0.5 Ex. 12 kN forces are applied to the top bottom of a cube (20 mm edges), E = 60 GPa, ? = 0.3. Find (i) the force exerted by the walls, (ii) ?yy Elastic Strain Energy The energy stored in a small volume: ? The energy stored : ? Energy density in the material : Similarly for shear strain : Jump to first page * Jump to first page * Normal stress = Chapter 2 Mechanics of Materials Example: Estimate the normal stress on a shin bone (脛骨) A Tensile stress (+) Compressive stress (-) At a point: A At a point, x F F fixed Shear strain (?) = deformation under shear stress = l x ? ? o Yield pt. Work hardening break Elastic deformation Hookes law: In elastic region, ? ? ?, or ?/ ? = E E is a constant, named as Young’s modulus or modulus of elasticity Similarly, in elastic region, ?/? = G, where G is a constant, named as shear modulus or modulus of rigidity. X 15mm W 5mm 1.2m 0.6m o dx Width of a cross-sectional element at x: Stress in this element : Strain of this element: The extension of this element : The total extension of the whole bar is : = 2.13 x 10-4 m F F x d Double index notation for stress and strain 1st index: surface, 2nd index: force For normal stress components : x ? xx, y ? yy , z ? zz, ?x ? ?xx y z ?zx ?zy ?yz ?xz ?xy ?yx y z Joint effect of three normal stress components Symmetry of shear stress components Take moment about the z axis, total torque = 0, (?xy ?y?z) ?x = (?yx ?x ?z) ?y, hence, ?xy = ?yx . Similarly, ?yz = ?zy and ?xz = ?zx z y x ?xy ?yx ?x ?y ?z Define pure rotation angle ?rot and pure shear st