中考总复习之定语从句专项详解巧练.doc

中考总复习之定语从句专项详解巧练 1. 定语从句的概念：在复合句中，用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对先行词起修饰限定作用。 e.g. He is the man who I want to see. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 2. 定语从句的引导词： 定语从句的引导词有关系代词that, which, who (whom, whose)和关系副词where, when, why两种，关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又在定语从句中充当一定成分。 3. 关系代词引导的定语从句： ①如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who (whom, whose) 和that。 e.g. This is Xiao Wang who / that gave us a talk yesterday. (who / that在从句中作主语) 这就是昨天给我们作报告的小王。 The man whom / that you saw last week has left the town. (whom / that在从句中作宾语) 上周你看见的那个人已离开了城镇。 I know the woman whose husband is a doctor. (whose在从句中作定语) 我认识的那个妇女，她的丈夫是个医生。 ②如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词时，则用which或that。 e.g. Guilin is a city which / that has a history of 2000 years. (which / that在从句子中作主语) 桂林是座具有2000年历史的城市。 The mooncakes which / that mother cooked taste nice. (which / that在从句中作宾语) 妈妈做的月饼很好吃。 4. 关系代词引导定语从句应该注意的几个方面： ①关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。 e.g.The man who lives downstairs speaks English well. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。 The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow. 3年级的学生明天去爬山。 ②当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，往往可以省略。 e.g. Mrs. Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 你昨天碰见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。 This is the book (which) you are looking for. 这是那本你正在找的书。 There are some films (that) I’d like to see. 有几部电影我想去看。 ③口语中作为宾语的关系代词whom也可用who，且也可以省略。 e.g. The man (whom / who) you were talking about has come to our school. 你们刚才在谈论的那个人已经来到我们学校。 ④关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可以放在whom, which之前（不可放在that之前） Page 3 e.g. The man (whom) I borrowed the book from is Li Lei. → The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei. 我借书的那个人是李雷。 The house (which) he lives in is quite large. → The house in which he lives is quite large. 他住的房子很大。 应注意，如果介词位于关系代词之前，关系代词不可省略，另外，若定语从句中谓语动词是固定搭配的词组，则其后的介词或副词不可前移至关系代词之前。 e.g. The dictionary which you are looking for is on the desk. 你在寻找的那本词典在桌子上。 The sick man whom she is taking care of is her farther. 她在照顾的病人是她父亲。 5. 关系代词只能用that的几种情况：(只作了解) ①当先行词是everything, anything, nothing, none, the o