计算机组织与体系结构课件06.pdfVIP

c0864 Computer Organization and Architecture Lecture 06 Error Correction Tongwei Ren Software Institute, Nanjing University Mar. 18, 2013 Review 鈥 Magnetic disk 鈥 Data organization, formatting, read and write mechanism, physical characteristics, timing of a disk transfer 鈥 Optical memory 鈥 CD, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-R, DVD-RW, blue ray 鈥 Magnetic tape NANJING UNIVERSITY 2 3 Error 鈥 A semiconductor memory system is subject to errors 鈥 Type 鈥 Hard failure 鈥 A permanent physical defect so that the memory cell or cells become stuck at 0 or 1 or switch erratically between 0 and 1 鈥 Caused by harsh environmental abuse, manufacturing defects, and wear 鈥 Soft failure 鈥 A random, nondestructive event that alters the contents of one or more memory cells without damaging the memory 鈥 Caused by power supply problems or alpha particles NANJING UNIVERSITY 4 Error Correction 鈥 Basic idea 鈥 Add some bits to store additional information for correction 鈥 Process 鈥 Data in: produce a 饊€ bits code on the 饊亐 bits data with a function 饊亾 鈥 Data out: produce a new 饊€ bits code on the data with function 饊亾, and compare with the previous 饊€ bits code 鈥 No error detected: send it 鈥 An error detected which can be corrected: correct it and send it 鈥 An error detected which cannot be corrected: report NANJING UNIVERSITY 5 Error Correction (cont.) 鈥 Process (cont.) NANJING UNIVERSITY