论行政法上的比例原则及其引入.pdf

摘 要 比例原则是源自德国警察法的一项原则，随着时代的发展，其内 涵越来越丰富，适用的领域也越来越广泛。它调整手段和目的，公共 利益和私人利益之间的关系，要求手段和目的、公共利益和私人利益 协调。本文在对比例原则的内涵、理论基础、历史沿革、法律定位剖 析的基础上，对在我国法律中引入比例原则的必要性和可行性予以论 证，并给出自己的设想。全文除“引言”和“结语”之外，共分为三 个部分。 第一部分分析了比例原则的内涵和理论基础。比例原则包括三个 下位阶的原则，即适当性原则、必要性原则和狭义比例原则。并对理 论界关于比例原则三分法、二分法的争论进行了评析。在此基础上， 对比例原则的理论基础进行了分析。认为正义原则、平等原则、人权 保护原则为比例原则提供了坚实的理论基础，对比例原则的发展及完 善起了至关重要的推动作用。 第二部分介绍了比例原则的演变历程，分析了比例原则理论上的 起源和实践中的发展。并着重介绍了比例原则在法国、英国、美国、 日本及欧盟中的实践。为将比例原则引入我国做铺垫。 第三部分是本文的难点和落脚点。探讨如何将比例原则引入我国。首先探讨了比例原则 在法律中的定位问题，认为在我国目前条件下比例原则应作为行政法的基本原则。接着分析 了合理性原则和比例原则的关系，提出比例原则是合理性原则的凝练和升华。最后在分析引 入比例原则的必要性和可行性后，提出引入比例原则的设想。 关键词：比例原则 适当性原则 必要性原则 狭义比例原则 3 Abstract The principle of proportionality rises from German police law. After several ages of development, the connotation of this principle becomes much more abundant, and its application has also been enlarged greatly. The principle of proportionality regulates the relationship between public interests and private interests as well as the relationship between means and purpose. It requires that these two pairs of relationships should be coordinate between its two sides respectively. This article introduces the meaning, theory foundation, history and development, and legal position of the principle. On the basis, the author first demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of the principle of proportionality, and then offers some suggestions. Along with the introduction and the conclusion, the body of this article is composed of three sections. The first section expatiates the main meaning and theory foundation of the principle of proportionality. The principle includes three sub-principles, which are the principle of necessity, the principle of suitability and the narrow pri