《史记》谓语动词体词性后续成分.pdf

摘 要 《史记》的语言能反映西汉语言的面貌，记载秦朝以后人物的传记部分较少受到 前代文献的影响，语料价值更高。把这部分内容作为语料来源，考察《史记》体词性 成分后续于谓语动词时主要构成的语义关系，确定《史记》宾语所用的类型主要有： 受事宾语、对象宾语、共事宾语、结果宾语、方式宾语、原因宾语、处所宾语、时间 宾语、施事宾语、比点宾语、存现宾语、数量宾语，共计十二类。各类宾语使用的情 况很不相同：受事宾语、对象宾语、处所宾语、数量宾语用例多，其余几类宾语用例 较少。各类宾语在与动词组合时，对象宾语、共事宾语、处所宾语、比点宾语前面可 以加介词“于”，方式宾语前可以加介词“以”；双宾语中的与事前面可以加介词“于”， 说明这些成分与动词结合不够紧密。从宾语的语义特征可以看出，受动性强的成分最 有可能直接后续于动词作宾语。受动宾语、对象宾语受动性强，因此最可能直接后续 于动词后作宾语，施事宾语要施行动词表示的动作，不能与动词隔开。因此，一个线 性序列上有多个类型的成分时，这三类宾语靠近动词，处所宾语和数量宾语一般处于 后续成分序列靠后的位置。《史记》的双宾语结构比现代汉语复杂，双宾语主要由受 事宾语、对象宾语构成，但其他类型亦复不少。发展到现代汉语，其中有的成分要置 于句首，有的成分要通过介词介引放在动词前才能与动词发生关系。 关键词：史记 句法 谓语动词 宾语 II Abstract The language used in the History Book reflects the lingual visage of West Han. The lingual value of biographic part since Qin Dynasty is worthwhile paying more attention to study because it is not affected by previous literature. This part is selected as the research data and the semantic relations between proclitic substantive and predicate verb is investigated in order to find out the primary types of object.. There are twelve types of object used in the History Book. They are patient object, dative object, common object, consequential object, manner object, causal object, location object, time object, agent object, comparative object, existent object, quantitative object et. The condition of every type of object used in the History Book is different because of their distinctive features. The examples of the patient object, dative object, location object and quantitative object is more than other types of object. The preposition Yu （于）can be added in front of the dative object, common object, location object, comparative object, dative role in the double object and