_偶然中的必然－论沈从文《边城》的悲剧意识.doc

偶然中的必然－论沈从文《边城》的悲剧意识 Incidentally the Certainty-Study of Shen Congwen “Border Town”-the Tragedy Consciousness Abstract Border town is the best work of Shen Congwen’s novels, it is broadly beloved and esteemed in the modern century; there is no doubt it gets the extremely high appraisal in the academic world. Commentaries generally focus on the western Hunan’s local conditions, the customs, the language, the madrigal tone, and the village’s characters and images, but few commentators like Liu Xiwei and Wang Dewei dissect that “the tragedy” should be the essence of this work, there is no further analysis though. “The tragedy” is now selected to be analyzed as the main theme of this paper. With the aid of the Western tragedy theory, this paper separately explores the characters, fate, etc. of the several important roles in this book in order to interpret the reasons of those unavoidable tragedies. The author’s special life experience and his feeling sentiment of the sorrow world are recombined as well to extract the lofty significance from this book by changing the ego of little sadness himself to the great love of the world. Keywords: Shen Congwen, The border town, The western Hunan, The tragedy, Seek for the reason to the song, Walk the vehicle route, Walk the street  摘 要 《边城》是沈从文小说中的压卷之作，大半个世纪以来，这部作品广受世人喜爱和推崇，学界早有高评，无庸置疑。揆诸众家评论，多将焦点集中于湘西风土语言、牧歌式情调、俚村人物形象之研究，仅少数如刘西渭、王德威等点出「悲剧」乃该作最重要之关目，却未进一步阐析。本论文以此为研究主体，藉助西方悲剧理论，分由书中几位重要人物本身之性格、造化宿命等方面进行探索，解读种种不可逆悲剧产生的原因。再结合作者早年特殊的生活经历及其感时忧世之情，提炼出该作由小我之悲化为大我之爱的崇高意义。 关键词：沈从文、边城、湘西、悲剧、对歌寻缘、走车路、走马路 一、前言 在沈从文中长篇小说作品中，最能代表他独特的人生观和艺术风格者，当属《边城》。其清丽隽永的文字、蕴藉内敛的情感、湘西风土的白描及俚村人物的形象，深植人心。历经大半个世纪，这部作品跃登华人现代小说的顶峰，掀起海内外的研究热潮。然而在众多评论当中，沈从文生前似乎只首肯过刘西渭的看法，刘西渭〈《边城》与《八骏图》〉评云： 作者的人物虽说全部善良，本身却含有悲剧的成分。惟其善良，我们才更易于感到悲哀的分量。这种悲哀，不仅仅由于情节的演进，而是在于带在人物的气质里的。自然越是平静，「自然人」越显得悲哀：一个更大的命运影罩住他们的生存。这几乎是自然一个永久的原则：悲哀。 当世人徜徉在沈从文笔下奇幻的边域风光，品嚼书中人物的纯朴善良，彷佛回归原始生命真善美的极致境界。悠然神往之际，心头不免沁入一股淡淡的哀伤，难以言宣又挥之不去。这一股哀伤，在作者浑然天成、不落斧凿的运行下，不易觉察，却为刘西渭慧眼点出了其中关键。此一潜藏于沈从文笔底的生命悲感到底为何？它又给予世人什